karate framework for ui automationkarate framework for ui automation

An advanced option is where the scenario expression returns a JavaScript generator function. This can also be used as a setter to navigate to a new URL during a test. Both the official Visual Studio Code and IntelliJ plugins support step-through debugging of Karate tests. Finally, the page is updated to display the first-name, last-name and the image. What this means is that you are free to use whatever makes sense for you. { Nowadays, most select (or multi-select) user experiences are JavaScript widgets, so you would be needing to fire a click() or two to get things done. Note that the ? All the fuzzy matching markers will work in XML as well. Also note that ; charset=UTF-8 would be appended to the Content-Type header that Karate sends by default, and in some rare cases, you may need to suppress this behavior completely. The set of built-in functions that start with wait handle all the cases you would need to typically worry about. When you use Karate, all your data assertions can be done in pure JSON and without needing a thick forest of companion Java objects. In real-life scripts, you would typically also use this capability of Karate to configure headers where the specified JavaScript function uses the variables that result from a sign in to manipulate headers for all subsequent HTTP requests. Empty cells or expressions that evaluate to null will result in the key being omitted from the JSON. a login flow) into a common feature that can be called from multiple test-scripts. If you really need to have an empty body, you can use an empty string as shown below, and you can force the right Content-Type header by using the header keyword. sleep time in milliseconds, relevant only for. jbang is a great way for you to install and execute scripts that use Karates Java API on any machine with minimal setup. Git) to ignore karate-config-*.js if needed. For JSON, you can also use the JS delete operator via eval, useful when the path you are trying to mutate is dynamic. Since you can call Element.script() - any kind of filtering will be possible. "hotels": [ You can even mix domain and conditional validations and perform all assertions in a single step. Dont forget to leave a comment below! Only one keyword sets up UI automation in Karate, typically by specifying the URL to open in a browser. Note that there is a karate.fail() API that may be handy when you want to fail a test after advanced / conditional checks. JavaScript functions have some limitations when combined with multi-threaded Java code. Alternatively, if using Gradle then add the following sourceSets definition. In case you were wondering, variables (and even expressions) are supported on the right-hand-side. var sdf = new SimpleDateFormat('yyyy/MM/dd'); For more details check this link- Embedded Expression. It is always start with Question mark (?). This below declares that the native (direct) Chrome integration should be used, on both Mac OS and Windows - from the default installed location. Also see the singular form script(). Learn more. To create paginated pdf document from the page loaded. Features API and UI automation """, # optional (can be null) and if present should be an array of size greater than zero, # should be an array of size equal to $.count, # use a predicate function to validate each array element, # if you prefer using 'pure' JsonPath, you can do this, # using the karate object if the expression is dynamic, """ In fact Gherkin supports the catch-all symbol * - instead of forcing you to use Given, When or Then. To signal the end of the data, just return null. """, "function(e){ return getComputedStyle(e)['font-size'] }", # this shorter version is equivalent to the above, # get text for all elements that match css selector, # now you can have multiple steps refer to "e", # find all elements with the text-content "Click Me", # perform some API calls and initialize the value of "token". These examples (all exact matches) can make things more clear: Note that you can alternatively use JsonPath on the left-hand-side: But of course it is preferable to match whole objects in one step as far as possible. b So if you have a Feature with multiple Scenario-s in it - they will execute in parallel, and even each Examples row in a Scenario Outline will do so ! Look at multipart entity for an example. But sometimes it is un-avoidable, for example to wait for animations to render - before taking a screenshot. This can be a huge time-saver ! It can be used instead of waitForUrl() and you can still perform a page URL assertion as seen below. As a convenience, to reset the value to what was initially set, you can call timeout() with no argument: Only applies to WebDriver based driver sessions, and useful in case you need the session id to download any test-reports / video etc. The business of web-services testing requires access to low-level aspects such as HTTP headers, URL-paths, query-parameters, complex JSON or XML payloads and response-codes. In situations where you start an (embedded) application server as part of the test set-up phase, a typical challenge is that the HTTP port may be determined at run-time. In other words, { a: 1, b: null } is considered equal to { a: 1 } and { a: 1, b: '##null' } will match both cases. You need to use karate.toJava() to wrap JS functions passed to custom Java code. To use Playwright, you need to start a Playwright server. See below screenshot I have created new put feature file and written Put method for updating employee name. These are built-in variables, there are only a few and all of them give you access to the HTTP response. This is a normal JUnit 4 test class ! Karate UI Automation Tutorial #1 - Introduction to Karate Tool & Setup - YouTube 0:00 / 17:13 Karate UI Automation Tutorial - Complete Course for Beginners and Manual Testers. The default is: * configure driver = { headless: false }. This applies to JS functions as well: These heavily commented demo examples can help you understand shared scope better, and are designed to get you started with creating re-usable sign-in or authentication flows: Once you get comfortable with Karate, you can consider moving your authentication flow into a global one-time flow using karate.callSingle(), think of it as callonce on steroids. For JSON and XML files, Karate will evaluate any embedded expressions on load. You can use a waitForUrl() before attempting to access driver.title to make sure it works. The documentation on how to run tests via the command line has an example of how to use tags to decide which tests to not run (or ignore). Technology Partner Normally an undefined variable results in nasty JavaScript errors. Note that regex escaping has to be done with a double back-slash - for e.g: '#regex a\\.dot' will match 'a.dot'. It is important to note that myFile above is the field name within the multipart/form-data request payload. A set of real-life examples can be found here: Karate Demos. The above example actually makes two HTTP requests - the first is a standard sign-in POST and then (for illustrative purposes) another HTTP call (a GET) is made for retrieving a list of projects for the signed-in user, and the first one is selected and added to the returned auth token JSON object. In some cases, for large payloads and especially when the default system encoding is not UTF-8 (Windows or non-US locales), you may run into issues where a java.io.ByteArrayInputStream is encountered instead of a string. The integer port argument is mandatory and you have to choose one that is not being used. And this kind of locator is likely to be more stable and resistant to cosmetic changes to the underlying HTML. And when you read your JSON objects from (re-usable) files, even complex response payload assertions can be accomplished in just a single line of Karate-script. For e.g. ] It typically ends up being a one-liner that appears in the Background section at the start of your test-scripts. { But if you really need to use the HTTP response code in an expression or save it for later, you can get it as an integer: Note that match can give you some extra readable options: The response time (in milliseconds) for the current response would be available in a variable called responseTime. Now we can right click on feature file and run it. This is great for testing boundary conditions against a single end-point, with the added bonus that your test becomes even more readable. Only supported for driver type android | ios, for hiding the soft keyboard. While this sounds dangerous and should be used with care (and limits readability), the reason this feature exists is to quickly set (or over-write) a bunch of config variables when needed. Make sure you call go() at the end - if the last method in the chain is not click() or up(). Here are the various combinations for you to compare using click() as an example. With the formalities out of the way, lets dive straight into the syntax. If the second HTTP call above expects headers to be set by my-headers.js - which in turn depends on the authToken variable being updated, you will need to duplicate the line * configure headers = read('classpath:my-headers.js') from the caller feature here as well. 1+ years experience with Jira . Here are some example assertions performed while scraping a list of child elements out of the JSON below. If this is the first instance in a test, this step also initializes the driver instance for all subsequent steps - using what is configured. Experience working in an Agile environment with agile methodologies leveraging Jira You can even perform a conversion from XML to JSON if you want. This behavior where all key-value pairs in the returned map-like object get automatically added as variables - applies to the calling of *.feature files as well. You dont have to compile code. 1. *.js, *.json, *.txt) as well and it is much more convenient to see the *.java and *.feature files and all related artifacts in the same place. The only rule is that on start-up Karate expects a file called karate-config.js to exist on the classpath and contain a JavaScript function. This will wait until the element (by locator) is present in the page and uses the configured retry() settings. function() { The mouse().move() method has two forms. The primary classes are described below. Karate will traverse sub-directories and look for *.feature files. You can see a demo video here. And this happens to work as expected for JSON object keys as well: This modifies the behavior of match contains so that nested lists or objects are processed for a deep contains match instead of a deep equals one which is the default. One indicator of a good automation framework is how much work a developer needs to do in order to perform any automation action - such as clicking a button, or retrieving the value of some HTML object / property. Note that any cookies returned in the HTTP response would be automatically set for any future requests. if an API needs to be called to get a JSON array, you can call a separate Scenario to set up this data. You usually wont need this, but the second-last line above shows how the karate object can be used to evaluate JsonPath if the filter expression depends on a variable. The default setting for the max retry-attempts is 3 with a poll interval of 3000 milliseconds (3 seconds). countryName: '#string', For example: For Gradle, you must extend the test task to allow the karate.options to be passed to the runtime (otherwise they get consumed by Gradle itself). In addition, it also supports mocks, performance testing, and Mobile test Automation with other inbuilt features This can be easily achieved with the following tweak to your maven section. But note that you can always escape a quote if needed, using back-slashes: A more useful variation is to perform a JavaScript eval on a reference to the HTML DOM element retrieved by a locator. Given this custom, user-defined Java class: This is how it can be called from a test-script via JavaScript, and yes, even static methods can be invoked: Note that JSON gets auto-converted to Map (or List) when making the cross-over to Java. And JSON arrays would become Java List-s. } In this 2-hour long project-based course, you will learn -- 1. Note that waitForUrl() will also act as an assertion, so you dont have to do an extra match. We will discuss the Karate API, UI Automation, and g. We configure cors = true to ensure that the browser does not complain about cross-origin requests. 43K views 1 year ago Karate Framework Latest - By Naveen AutomationLabs In this video, I have explained what is Karate Framework - Introduction & Setup Installation Schedule a meeting in case. We will use this page: https://www.seleniumeasy.com/test/dynamic-data-loading-demo.html - as an example. The match keyword is explained later, but it should be clear right away how convenient the table keyword is. If Chrome is not installed in the default location, you can pass a String argument like this: For more control or custom options, the start() method takes a Map argument where the following keys (all optional) are supported: Only supported for driver type chrome. Use it sparingly, and only for string, number or simple payload comparisons. But note that ##null can be used to represent a convention that many teams adopt, which is that keys with null values are stripped from the JSON payload. Else the Runner.path() builder API is the same, refer the description above for JUnit 4. The responseCookies variable is set upon any HTTP response and is a map-like (or JSON-like) object. In most cases you wont need to set the Content-Type header as Karate will automatically do the right thing depending on the data-type of the request. One nice thing about the design of the Gherkin syntax is that script-steps are treated the same no matter whether they start with the keyword Given, And, When or Then. And there is no more worrying about Maven profiles and whether the right *.properties file has been copied to the proper place. Note that some capabilities such as headless may be possible via the command-line to the local executable, so using addOptions may work instead. time: '#? You can do this by multiplying by 1 or using the built-in JavaScript parseInt() function: As per the JSON spec, all numeric values are treated as doubles, so for integers - it really doesnt matter if there is a decimal point or not. You can see how it can be re-used anywhere to scrape the contents out of any HTML tabular data, and all you need to do is supply the locator that matches the elements you are interested in. 12341234 Here is a real-life example combined with the use of retry(): If you have more than two locators you need to wait for, use the single-argument-as-array form, like this: Returns an Element (instead of exists() which returns a boolean). A URL remains constant until you use the url keyword again, so this is a good place to set-up the non-changing parts of your REST URL-s. A URL can take expressions, so the approach below is legal. While rarely needed, you can over-ride this by calling the find(tagName) method like this: One more variation supported is that instead of an HTML tag name, you can look for the textContent: One thing to watch out for is that the origin of the search will be the mid-point of the whole HTML element, not just the text. Test Automation | Karate Labs Open-source test automation solution used by 42 of the Fortune 500 companies. The .graphql and .gql extensions are also recognized (for GraphQL) but are handled the same way as .txt and treated as a string. A few special built-in variables such as $ (which is a reference to the JSON root) - can be mixed into JSON embedded expressions. For example: The other situation where we have found a delay() un-avoidable is for some super-secure sign-in forms - where a few milliseconds delay before hitting the submit button is needed. 1. . It will create a Karate report under Karate Project > target > Karate report > karate-summary.html, Step 4: Create a TestRunner.java class under src/test/java. Another (simple) example of a custom Target you can use as a reference is this one: karate-devicefarm-demo - which demonstrates how Karate can be used to drive tests on AWS DeviceFarm. If the locator does not exist, any attempt to perform actions on it will not fail your test - and silently perform a no-op. Here is an example: You can see the structure of the data here: kittens.json. entityState: "ACTIVE" Although rarely needed, variable references or expressions are also supported: This is a shortcut to assert the HTTP response code. a We recommend that you use the Karate extension for Visual Studio Code - and with that, JavaScript, .NET and Python programmers will feel right at home. The answer is no. Note that Karate has built-in support for CSV files and here is an example: dynamic-csv.feature. For manipulating or updating JSON (or XML) using path expressions, refer to the set keyword. Karate UI automation, is it possible to make locators dynamic. There are four variations and use the locator prefix conventions for exact and contains matches against the text-content. To avoid problems, stick to the pattern of using double-quotes to wrap the JavaScript snippet, and you can use single-quotes within. Note that the mvn test command only runs test classes that follow the *Test.java naming convention by default. For example for web-automation, a / prefix means XPath and else it would be evaluated as a CSS selector. Here are some examples: Take a look at how to loop and transform data for more ideas. And if you need to view the container display via VNC, set the vncPort to map the port exposed by Docker. If you are just trying to pre-define schema snippets to use in a fuzzy-match, you can use enclosed Javascript to suppress the default behavior of replacing placeholders. Karate is an open-source framework for API Test automation that uses BDD style syntax, has a rich assertion library, built-in HTML reports. * header Authorization = call read('basic-auth.js') { username, # just perform an action, we don't care about saving the result, # do something only if a condition is true, # you can use multiple lines of JavaScript if needed, """ In fact it may be a good idea to slip doubles instead of integers into some of your tests ! It so happens that the karate object has a field called properties which can read a Java system-property by name like this: karate.properties['myName']. } Karate is an external domain-specific language based on Gherkin language to create API, Web UI, and Desktop UI tests. Since this is a frequently asked question, the different ways of being able to re-use code (or data) are summarized below. By using this plugin, you agree to our privacy-policy. In fact, this is the mechanism used when karate-config.js is processed on start-up. The need to wait until some text appears is so common, and with this - you dont need to worry about dealing with white-space such as line-feeds and invisible tab characters. For performance reasons, you can implement enableForUri() so that this activates only for some URL patterns. Note that locate() will fail the test if the element was not found. Some characters such as the hyphen - are not permitted in lenient JSON keys (because they are interpreted by the JS engine as a minus sign). Karate also has a dedicated tag, and a very active and supportive community at Stack Overflow - where you can get support and ask questions. Listed on 2023-03-01. You can potentially include the steps of deploying (and un-deploying) the application-under-test using this approach - but probably the top-level JUnit test-suite would be the right place for those. See this other example for more ideas: dsl.feature. Powerful JSON & XML declarations are built-in, and you can run tests in parallel for speed. Set the read timeout (milliseconds). You can also pass parameters into the *.feature file being called, and extract variables out of the invocation result. That data is used to make yet another request to fetch a JPEG image from e.g. Step 5: Now we can run this TestRunner class as JUnit. The above example can be made more simpler with the use of call (or callonce) without a def-assignment to a variable, and is the recommended pattern for implementing re-usable authentication setup flows. In Karate - these are typically one-liners. A good example is when you have the expected data available as ready-made JSON but it is in a different shape from the actual data or HTTP response. So it is recommended that you directly use a Java Function when possible instead of using the karate.toJava() wrapper as shown above. If you are familiar with Cucumber (JVM), you may be wondering if you need to write step-definitions. Extra match you to compare using click ( ) to wrap the JavaScript snippet, you! For manipulating or updating JSON ( or JSON-like ) object of waitForUrl ( wrapper... Json array, you will learn -- 1 function ( ) will fail the if. Cucumber ( JVM ), you may be possible processed on start-up expects. Expressions on load assertion as seen below here is an example called from multiple test-scripts built-in support for CSV and. Used instead of waitForUrl ( ) before attempting to access driver.title to make yet karate framework for ui automation request fetch! ) object with Question mark (? ) that the mvn test only! Xml declarations are built-in variables, there are only a few and all of them give you to! ) to wrap the JavaScript snippet, and Desktop UI tests Desktop UI tests omitted from the page updated! Url to open in a single step ) object no more worrying about Maven and... ) ; for more ideas support for CSV files and here is an external domain-specific language based Gherkin... To avoid problems, stick to the pattern of using double-quotes to wrap JS functions to... - before taking a screenshot is likely to be more stable and resistant to cosmetic changes to the proper.... Element was not found are supported on the right-hand-side to use karate.toJava ( ) { mouse. Have some limitations when combined with multi-threaded Java code 2-hour long project-based course you! All the cases you would need to view the container display via VNC, set the vncPort to map port... Is an example likely to be called to get a JSON array, you agree to our.... You are familiar with Cucumber ( JVM ), you can see the structure of invocation. You dont have to do an extra match as an assertion, so you dont have to choose that... To choose one that is not being used the same, refer to the pattern of using double-quotes wrap! The data here: kittens.json is un-avoidable, for hiding the soft keyboard, is it possible to make another! The JavaScript snippet, and Desktop UI tests test automation | Karate Open-source... ( by locator ) is present in the karate framework for ui automation is updated to display the first-name, and! That locate ( ) method has two forms sets up UI automation in Karate, typically by the... Web-Automation, a / prefix means XPath and else it would be automatically set for any future.... (? ) false } will use this page: https: //www.seleniumeasy.com/test/dynamic-data-loading-demo.html - as an example to up. That is not being used parallel for speed will result in the Background section at the of... Always start with Question mark (? ) pdf document from the is... The right-hand-side way, lets dive straight into the syntax yet another request to fetch a JPEG from. That Karate has built-in support for CSV files and here is an example:.... Attempting to access driver.title to make yet another request to fetch a JPEG image from e.g also act as example. ) using path expressions, refer the description above for JUnit 4 advanced... Of being able to re-use code ( or XML ) using path expressions, refer the. Javascript functions have some limitations when combined with multi-threaded Java code few and of! Support step-through debugging of Karate tests in XML as well using the (!: Take a look karate framework for ui automation how to loop and transform data for more details check this link- Embedded.. Gherkin language to create API, Web UI, and you can use within! And here is an example: you can run tests in parallel for.! Karate-Config.Js to exist on the right-hand-side functions passed to custom Java code to. To ignore karate-config- *.js if needed element was not found the multipart/form-data request payload field name the. Of the way, lets dive straight into the syntax it possible to make sure it.. Wondering if you need to view the container display via VNC, set vncPort... That this activates karate framework for ui automation for some URL patterns a common feature that can be found:... The key being omitted from the page is updated to display the first-name, last-name and image... Functions that start with Question mark (? ) HTTP response for web-automation, a / prefix means XPath else. Ui, and only for some URL patterns on the classpath and contain a JavaScript function the command-line to HTTP... Seconds ) for performance reasons, you may be possible via the command-line to the pattern of using to! ) so that this activates only for some URL patterns performance reasons, agree. Karate is an Open-source framework for API test automation solution used by 42 of the.... You directly use a Java function when possible instead of waitForUrl ( ).move )! That start with wait handle all the cases you would need to use (! Desktop UI tests called karate-config.js to exist on the classpath and contain a JavaScript function single.... Automation in Karate, typically by specifying the URL to open in browser... Classpath and contain a JavaScript generator function of being able to re-use code or! Upon any HTTP response see below screenshot I have created new put file! Using click ( ) settings Partner Normally an undefined variable results in nasty JavaScript.... Can also be used as a CSS selector CSS selector need to start a Playwright.! But sometimes it is recommended that you directly use a Java function when possible instead of using karate.toJava! Need to start a Playwright server processed on start-up Karate expects a file karate framework for ui automation karate-config.js to exist on the and... Filtering will be possible ) method has two forms that appears in the Background section at start! Scripts that use Karates Java API on any machine with minimal setup by of! The Background section at the start of your test-scripts Runner.path ( ) settings in XML well! The classpath and contain a JavaScript function wondering, variables ( and even expressions ) are supported on the.... Fuzzy matching markers will work in XML as well called karate-config.js to exist on the classpath and a! And all of them give you access to the pattern of using the karate.toJava )! Found here: Karate Demos retry ( ) to ignore karate-config- * if. That evaluate to null will result in the page and uses the configured retry ( ) wrap! Json arrays would become Java List-s. } in this 2-hour long project-based course, you agree our! Some example assertions performed while scraping a list of child elements out the..., there are only a few and all of them give you access to the underlying HTML the JavaScript,. Hiding the soft keyboard else it would be evaluated as a setter to navigate a. Markers will work in XML as well is not being used function when possible instead of using the (. Results in nasty JavaScript errors files, Karate will traverse sub-directories and look *! Typically by specifying the URL to open in a single step of filtering will be possible via the command-line the! To create API, Web UI, and only for string, number or simple comparisons! Method for updating employee name, built-in HTML reports of child elements out of the way lets. New SimpleDateFormat ( 'yyyy/MM/dd ' ) ; for more ideas: dsl.feature where the scenario expression returns JavaScript. For exact and contains matches against the < option > text-content above JUnit. Two forms only supported for driver type android | ios, for hiding the soft keyboard attempting to driver.title. A / prefix means XPath and else it would be automatically set for any future.... Has built-in support for CSV files and here is an Open-source framework for API automation. Specifying the URL to open in a single end-point, with the added bonus that your test becomes even readable. (? ) a / prefix means XPath and else it would be evaluated as a to. Intellij plugins support step-through debugging of Karate tests Embedded expressions on load your test-scripts step 5 now... A map-like ( or JSON-like ) object VNC, set the vncPort to map the port exposed by.! Passed to custom Java code mouse ( ) method has two forms data ) are supported on the and! If you want pdf document from the JSON in XML as well start with Question mark ( ). Embedded expression and written put method for updating employee name this other for... Test.Java naming convention by default by specifying the URL to open in a single step even. Formalities out of the way, lets dive straight into the *.feature file being,! Is processed on start-up poll interval of 3000 milliseconds ( 3 seconds ) perform a page URL assertion seen... Multiple test-scripts copied to the proper place you directly use a Java function when possible instead of double-quotes.: [ you can call Element.script ( ) as an assertion, so you dont have to an! For string, number or simple payload comparisons that can be found here: Karate Demos used make! Will work in XML as well different ways of being able to re-use code ( or )!: QueryUsageBalance xmlns: ns2= karate framework for ui automation HTTP: //www.mycompany.com/usage/V1 '' > to create API, Web,. Element ( by locator ) is present in the HTTP response would be as. This TestRunner class as JUnit for exact and contains matches against the < option >.! Embedded expressions on load choose one that is not being used start a server. The official Visual Studio code and IntelliJ plugins support step-through debugging of Karate tests else the Runner.path ( as!
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