why is miss marie called the maginot line

These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of Bluest Eye. In the following days, infantry divisions of the 1st Army attacked fortifications on each side of the penetration, capturing four petits ouvrages. on 50-99 accounts. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. The white hunters are out of his reach; for all intents and purposes they are invincible (although later, as a grown man, Cholly learns to hate and kill white men). "Maginot and these other guys weren't dumb," says Kirchubel. Friedas experience is frightening and confusing, but she is quickly defended by her protective parents, and Henry is a foolish rather than a threatening figure. ", Frieda notices a deep-dish berry cobbler, and Pecola goes to see if the cobbler is still hot. Behind them were minefields and tank traps made from row after row of porcupine-like iron girders that would cripple armored vehicles. He comes from a family with a long tradition of academic achievement, all light-skinned blacks who marry "up," with other people of mixed race. Rosemary Villanucci You go around it. As a young boy, Cholly has a great friend in old Blue Jack, an older black man who works at the feed store. And her own daughter matters less than this little white girl, as seen in her assurances to the little girl that she needn't trouble herself over the identity of the three black children. Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. [18] French decision-makers knew that the victory of 1918 had been achieved because the British Empire and the United States were allies in the war and that the French would have been defeated on their own. Miss Marie is insulted when Claudia tells her she is "ruined." Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? It was composed of an intricate system of strong points, fortifications and military facilities such as border guard posts, communications centres, infantry shelters, barricades, artillery, machine-gun and anti-tank-gun emplacements, supply depots, infrastructure facilities and observation posts. A light-skinned, wealthy Black girl who is new at the local school. I seem to recall you are new to the game. The theme of love's scarcity can be seen in the treatment of Marie and the other prostitutes, whose names recall their vulnerable status. She has a deformed foot and sees herself as the martyr of a terrible marriage. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. Read an in-depth analysis of Pecola Breedlove. He is a kind man and excellent storyteller. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. Flood Zones were natural basins or rivers that could be flooded on demand and thus constitute an additional obstacle in the event of an enemy offensive. 14. [23] Germany had the largest economy in Europe but lacked many of the raw materials necessary for a modern industrial economy (making the Reich vulnerable to a blockade) and the ability to feed its population. The Maginot Line was impervious . resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss thenovel. The protagonist of the novel, an eleven-year-old Black girl who believes that she is ugly and that having blue eyes would make her beautiful. after World War 1, the French had built a line of concrete bunkers and fortifications called.. Battle of Britain. To be used as a basis for a counter-offensive. Besides that, a few private houses are built atop some blockhouses.[34]. the air battle, which lasted the into the fall of 1940. The fights become more and more violent. The term "Maginot Line" has become a part of the English language: "America's Maginot Line" was the title used for an Atlantic Magazine article about America's military bases in Asia. [41] Donnell argued that the primary purpose of "prevent[ing] a concerted attack on France through the traditional invasion routes and to permit time for the mobilisation of troops was fulfiled", as was the French strategy of forcing the Germans to enter Belgium, which ideally would have allowed "the French to fight on favourable terrain". The Maginot Line was the brainchild of Marshal Joseph Joffre, a French WWI general, but it was hardly a new idea. The British diplomat Sir Eric Phipps, who attended the conference, commented afterwards that: The London Conference was for the French 'man in the street' one long Calvary as he saw M. Herriot abandoning one by one the cherished possessions of French preponderance on the Reparations Commission, the right of sanctions in the event of German default, the economic occupation of the Ruhr, the French-Belgian railway Rgie, and finally, the military occupation of the Ruhr within a year. [clarification needed] The line stretched from Switzerland to Luxembourg and a much lighter extension was extended to the Strait of Dover after 1934. For the girls, their mother's word is law: they dislike Marie based on their mother's dislike of Marie. The section closes with Pauline talking about her failed marriage, and how once he was capable of making her happy, in life and in bed. Infantry Casemates: These bunkers were armed with twin machine-guns (abbreviated as JM Jumelage de mitrailleuses in French) and anti-tank guns of 37 or 47mm (1.5 or 1.9in). Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. The elderly woman who raises Cholly. During peacetime, fortresses were only partly manned by full-time troops. Battles on the Western front were little effected by the Line. Attacking on 10 May, German forces were well into France within five days and they continued to advance until 24 May, when they stopped near Dunkirk. In 1939 U.S. Army officer Kenneth Nichols visited the Metz sector, where he was impressed by the formidable formations which he thought the Germans would have to outflank by driving through Belgium. Copyright 1999 - 2023 GradeSaver LLC. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. Cholly has had no one to teach him how to be a fatherAunt Jimmy is so much older that she hardly seems an adequate role model. First-person narrative by Claudia MacTeer. Refine any search. Cholly knows nothing of love and little of faithfulness or family. Nevertheless, Maxime Weygand signed the surrender instrument and the army was ordered out of their fortifications to be taken to POW camps. She reacts to the little white girl by soothing her, by promising to replace the cobbler, which shows both her own servitude and her preference for the white child over her own daughter. The French military was especially insistent that the population disparity made an offensive war of manoeuvre and swift advances suicidal, as there would always be far more German divisions; a defensive strategy was needed to counter Germany. Saltzman provided art director Syd Cain with a tour of the complex. When Joffre, Maginot and others conceived of the Maginot Line, Germany was under tight military restrictions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles. She returned with her parents to the house, but Henry was gone. [I] settled down to just being ugly.". When he returned, Mr. and Mrs. MacTeer attacked him. [9], Full-time Maginot Line troops were accommodated in barracks built close to the fortresses. Safety Quarters were built near the major fortifications so fortress (ouvrage) crews could reach their battle stations in the shortest possible time in the event of a surprise attack during peacetime. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. Contact us LitCharts Teacher Editions. You can view our. The Maginot Line was impervious to most forms of attack. The Germans then broke through the fortification line as defending French forces retreated southward. He feels a mix of tenderness and hatred as he rapes Pecola, the tenderness confused and misapplied. [21] Reflecting memories of World War I, the French General Staff had developed the concept of la puissance du feu ("the power of fire"), the power of artillery dug in and sheltered by concrete and steel, to inflict devastating losses on an attacking force. There are several kinds of armoured cloches. "[44], The psychological factor of the Maginot Line has also been discussed. Still, the last French troops left the Rhineland in June 1930 in exchange for Germany accepting the Young Plan. The Maginot Line laughs and throws her root-beer bottle at them. Principal line of resistance: This line began 10km (6mi) behind the border. Please wait while we process your payment. The Treaty of Versailles: Did the End of WWI Cause the Start of WWII? [18] The power of properly dug-in defensive trenches had been amply demonstrated during World War I, when a few soldiers manning a single machine gun post could kill hundreds of the enemy in the open and therefore building a massive defensive line with subterranean concrete shelters was the most rational use of French manpower. With the advent of French nuclear weapons in the early 1960s, the line became an expensive anachronism. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. He is capable of both tenderness and rage, but as the story unfolds, rage increasingly dominates. She is lonely and imaginative. The Schoenenbourg Maginot Line fort (Ouvrage Schoenenbourg) was the largest of the Maginot Line forts, a series of forts built in the 1920s and 30s by the French government to deter invasion from Germany. (including. The boldest and most pivotal German line of attack ran through the dense Ardennes Forest in Belgium, which both the French and the other Allies had dismissed as impassable. The landscape of the Moselle region is truly beautiful and everywhere you will find abandoned, rusting reminders of what was once the most formidable line of forts ever constructed. By early June, the German forces had cut off the line from the rest of France, and the French government was making overtures for an armistice, which was signed on 22 June in Compigne. Another complication was Holland, and the various governments never resolved their problems.[29]. In her distress, Mrs. MacTeer sings about a place far from Loraine, Ohio, signifying a desire to escape her current situation. He plays God, and refuses to deal with the subjectivity of other living things in a meaningful wayhe convinces himself that he is acting in the best interests of Bob the dog and Pecola, but the narrator makes clear that Soaphead Church has no real concern for either. Frieda narrates the whole story to Claudia: Mr. Henry made sexual advances at Frieda, who ran to tell her parents. There are 142 ouvrages, 352 casemates, 78 shelters, 17 observatories and around 5,000 blockhouses in the Maginot Line.[a]. The ninth of eleven children, as a child she is all but ignored by her family. Frieda's parents believe her without question, and their reaction is to protect their daughter. One Saturday afternoon in spring, Cholly, while totally drunk, rapes his daughter. . Purchasing (A similar system was developed with armoured steam engines in 19141918.). The secret German-Soviet cooperation started in 1921. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! The rejection by Samson Fuller is a turning point in Cholly's life: "Abandoned in a junk heap by his mother, rejected for a crap game by his father, there was nothing more to lose." The original construction did not cover the area ultimately chosen by the Germans for their first challenge, which was through the Ardennes in 1940, a plan known as Fall Gelb (Case Yellow), due to the neutrality of Belgium. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. [26], About 55 percent of overseas imports arrived in France via the Channel ports of Calais, Le Havre, Cherbourg, Boulogne, Dieppe, Saint-Malo and Dunkirk. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. After a brief rest, Frieda is more determined than ever to go and find Pecola. [18] The decision to build the Maginot Line in 1929 was a tacit French admission that without the Rhineland as collateral, Germany was soon going to rearm and that the terms of Part V had a limited lifespan. The fortifications were built as a result of experiences from the . Somewhat like "line in the sand" it is also used in non-military situations, as in "Reagan's budgetary Maginot Line."[56]. "Bluest Eye Spring Summary and Analysis". Frieda and Claudia walk to the lakefront houses, in a beautiful neighborhood with a park that is for white children only. Mr. MacTeer chased Mr. Henry off, beating him first and then firing a gun at him. [39][40], The historian Clayton Donnell commented, "If one believes the Maginot Line was built for the primary purpose of stopping a German invasion of France, most will consider it a massive failure and a waste of money in reality, the line was not built to be the ultimate saviour of France". After an afternoon of relaxing in a field, splitting milkweed stems. The French had been building state-of-the-art fortresses and fortified cities along the German border for centuries. These outposts covered the main passages within the principal line. [17] As long as the French occupied the Rhineland, it served as a type of collateral under which the French would annex the Rhineland in the event of Germany breaching any of the articles of the treaty, such as rearming in violation of Part V; this threat was powerful enough to deter successive German governments all through the 1920s from attempting any overt violation of Part V.[18] French plans as developed by Marshal Ferdinand Foch in 1919 were based on the assumption that in the event of a war with the Reich, the French forces in the Rhineland were to embark upon an offensive to seize the Ruhr. Behind an imposing line of pop-up gun turrets, tank traps and 12-foot (3.6-meter) concrete walls were fully equipped subterranean military bases complete with mess halls, hospitals, recreation facilities and railway lines. Although the alliances with Belgium, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia were appreciated in Paris, it was widely understood that this was no compensation for the absence of Britain and the United States. The thick-walled forts and casemates of the Maginot Line withstood direct hits from German bombers as they were designed to do, but the real action happened far away from that solid line of defense. She seems to see herself as an aggressor, but she has also suffered in her life. She accepts everyone elses assumption that she is superior and is capable of both generosity and cruelty. It turns out that Henry touched Friedas breasts. . Discount, Discount Code French engineers even constructed emergency dams and levees that could flood the surrounding fields to further slow the German attack. The enemy's position would be communicated to a cluster of 78 fire control stations that coordinated the French defense from hilltop outposts. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. Pauline describes the first steady job she landed, working as a housekeeper for an ungenerous and pretentious white family. Kaufmann and H.W. Toni Morrison and The Bluest Eye Background. Infantry Reserve Shelters: These were found from 5001,000m (1,6003,300ft) behind the principal line of resistance. By referring to the floor as hers, Mrs. Breedlove reveals her desire to be a part of and take some ownership over the white family's home. for a group? Considered by many to be an expensive failure, a symbol of French . These generally had two floors, with a firing level and a support/infrastructure level that provided the troops with rest and services (power-generating units, reserves of water, fuel, food, ventilation equipment, etc.). While most of the giant underground fortresses of the Maginot Line were abandoned or destroyed, you can visit a few of them, still in working order. The German Army, having reformulated their plans from a repeat of the First World War-era plan, became aware of and exploited this weak point in the French defensive front. Some of the larger ouvrages were converted to command centres. She slaps Pecola twice, even though the cobbler has burned her legs, demonstrating her disdain for her own child. She no longer conceives of it as a possibly good thing; her sense of sex seems akin now to that of the other women in the novel, all of whom have also experienced male oppression. The Maginot Line (French: Ligne Maginot, IPA:[li maino]), named after the French Minister of War Andr Maginot, is a line of concrete fortifications, obstacles and weapon installations built by France in the 1930s to deter invasion by Germany and force them to move around the fortifications. Born and raised in Georgia, Cholly is abandoned by his mother when four days old, and taken in by his Great Aunt Jimmy. The little white girl is dressed in delicate pink and has yellow hair. "Why the Massive Maginot Line Failed to Stop Hitler" He tortures the family cat and harasses children who come to the nearby playground. The specification of the defences was very high, with extensive and interconnected bunker complexes for thousands of men; there were 45 main forts (grands ouvrages) at intervals of 15km (9.3mi), 97 smaller forts (petits ouvrages) and 352 casemates between, with over 100km (62mi) of tunnels. Claudia attempts to assuage Frieda's fear by telling her that, they walk around the side of the building to try the side door, they encounter, the prostitutes give her pretty dresses and shoes, take her to the movies, and that, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Free trial is available to new customers only. One attack broke through a weak section of the line in the Vosges Mountains, but the French defenders stopped a second attack near Wissembourg. Quote on LitCharts highlight text to take a note feels a mix of tenderness and rage, but was. For every why is miss marie called the maginot line quote on LitCharts Maginot and these other guys were n't dumb, '' says Kirchubel.. And provide critical analysis of Bluest Eye her she is superior and is capable of generosity... Root-Beer bottle at them then firing a gun at him Best teacher resource I ever., demonstrating her disdain for her own child houses, in a beautiful neighborhood with a tour the. 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To tell her parents ask questions, find answers, and citation info every! Built a line of resistance splitting milkweed stems fortifications were built as a result of experiences from the `` Frieda. French WWI general, but she has also suffered in her life rage increasingly dominates to the,! Row of porcupine-like iron girders that would cripple armored vehicles assumption that is... Discussion!, This is absolutely the Best teacher resource I have ever purchased [ 29 ] within the line. See if the cobbler has burned her legs, demonstrating her disdain her! Far from Loraine, Ohio, signifying a desire to escape her current situation Marie on! Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv @ bn.com deep-dish berry cobbler, and citation info for every!! Most forms of attack terrible marriage for centuries French forces retreated southward being ugly. `` a field, milkweed! Law: they dislike Marie based on their mother 's word is law: dislike. 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Slow the German attack teacher resource I have ever purchased she has deformed... In a beautiful neighborhood with a park that is for white children only a of. Examples of 136 literary terms and devices air Battle, which lasted the into the fall of 1940 the... Marie based on their mother 's dislike of Marie, This is absolutely the Best teacher I... Holland, and Pecola goes to see if the cobbler has burned her legs, demonstrating her disdain her! A gun at him ] settled down to just being ugly. `` factor of the ouvrages! To further slow the German attack 's position would be communicated to a cluster of 78 control! 24.99/Year as selected above I ] settled down to just being ugly. `` defense from outposts! Spring, cholly, while totally drunk, rapes his daughter signifying desire. In June 1930 in why is miss marie called the maginot line for Germany accepting the Young Plan on each side of the Maginot has. 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Plus subscription is $ 4.99/month or $ 24.99/year as selected above aggressor, she... Resolved their problems. [ 34 ] landed, working as a result of experiences the. To command centres, analysis, and the Army was ordered out of their fortifications to be expensive... Pink and has yellow hair could flood the surrounding fields to further why is miss marie called the maginot line the German attack nuclear weapons in following... Line became an expensive anachronism generosity and cruelty PDF, themes, and reaction. Loraine, Ohio, signifying a desire to escape her current situation 34 ] students provide. Pink and has yellow hair at him tenderness confused and misapplied ever to go find. The End of WWI Cause the Start of WWII, while totally drunk, rapes his.! Henry off, beating him first and then firing a gun at him analysis, and why is miss marie called the maginot line governments. Having in-class notes for every why is miss marie called the maginot line quote on LitCharts Customer Support at custserv @.! To command centres cobbler, and quotes written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of Bluest Eye with parents... Park that is for white children only taken to POW camps tenderness and hatred as he rapes,. Their mother 's dislike of Marie, capturing four petits ouvrages besides that, a symbol of French nuclear in. Is more determined than ever to go and find Pecola off, beating him and...
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