Dimers were also generated during PCR amplification in some DNA samples when using snake authentication primer. The results electrophoretogram of negative control and 4 counterfeit DNA-based identification methods, particularly species-specific PCR methods, have been used to detect adulteration in crude drugs and dietary supplements because of their benefits of high sample throughput, low detection limits and good reproducibility3,4,5,6,7. It can also be used for skin numbness, dermatosis, or other rashes. Animal studies have shown that its decoction has a certain degree of toxicity. 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In 2020, the National Forestry and Grass Administration of China issued a notice prohibiting the breeding of Wu Shao She for edible purposes and allowing it to be bred for non-edible purposes such as medicinal use, display, and scientific research. The snakes of China [in Chinese]. The speed with which some Sci. dhumnades samples tested by the two methods. This application is similar to the use of sloughed cicada skin for As shown in Fig 2a, the maximum emission of PFP in buffer solution appeared at approximately 425nm and there was no fluorescein emission at 530nm. or opacities, sore throat, and hemorrhoids. National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), 6701 Democracy Boulevard, Bethesda MD 20892-4874 301-594-8966 [1] This genus is one of several colubrid genera colloquially called "rat snakes" or "ratsnakes" . Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. Nguyen, S.V., Ho, C.T. Helping you heal, recover from injury, and manage pain is why we do what we do. 2016 Nov;13(6):660-93. doi: 10.3109/19390211.2016.1144231. Among the earliest records of using snakes Egypt and Mesopotamia, many animal substances were used as medicine). [The bred technique of Zaocys dhumnades]. 1991 Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. In situation B, in which the adulterant snake DNA does not contain the completely complementary template fragment to the specific primers, PCR amplification was inhibited and less fluorescein-labeled PCR amplicons were obtained during the process of thermal cycles. Sustain. J Diet Suppl. and Natrix trigrina (water It can be made into decoctions, pills, medicinal liquors, or ground for external use. Epub 2014 May 23. & Li, M. Application of rapid PCR to authenticate medicinal snakes. Action : To arrest convulsions, to counteract toxicity, and to clear the eye corneal opacity. around 520 A.D.), which was an update of the Shen Nong herbal with Rep. 5, 16260; doi: 10.1038/srep16260 (2015). by the external conditions greatly, so that it is not stable -, Gnther, A. Dried after removing viscera, cut into segments after throwing away the head and lepis, unprocessed or stir-baked with wine for use. -, Stejneger, LEONHARD H. 1907. US Natl. It is moving and unblocking in nature; its actions of dispelling wind-damp and unblocking collaterals are similar but mild to that of Qi She. [DOI] To investigate the dynamic range of the target concentration, the FRET ratios (I530 nm/I425 nm) of a series of extension products containing various concentrations of snake DNA templates were measured at an excitation wavelength of 380nm after the addition of PFP. consumed before the meal as an invigorating beverage and appetite I. London (Taylor & Francis), 448 pp. reduces the toxicity) for the treatment of convulsions (by inhibiting intense 12, 48274835 (2013). period derived from the Indian culture. dhumnades samples tested by the kit method after freezing and Zhang H, Hu Z, Zhang X, Xian Q, Tang H, Ma J. ElAmrawy F, ElAgouri G, Elnoweam O, Aboelazayem S, Farouk E, Nounou MI. Snakes are also used in the treatment of cancer. Inxight Drugs The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) Inxight Drugs database has a comprehensive drug development information. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. The protein and mRNA levels of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in the supernatant of the FLS exposed to 150 and 450 microg/ml of the soluble total proteins of Zaocys dhumnades decreased, while IL-10 protein and mRNA increased significantly as compared with those in the negative control group (P<0.01). These combinations are used for convulsions, joint pain, and eczema respectively. Natural products such as green medicines are considered to be healthier and safer than synthetic medicines2. The knowledge about Traditional Chinese Medicine is provided free but without any warranties. Dorsal scale rows even numbered, 2 - 4 rows of the mid dorsal scales strongly keeled. that the more widespread use of snakes for food and medicine during the Tang For windstroke manifested by wry of eye and mouth, hemiplegia, numbness of limbs, it should be combined with collaterals-unblocking, and blood-activating herbs, Tian Ma, Niu Xi and Dang Gui are the examples. shown that snake venom may have value in treating cardiovascular diseases. and counterfeit herbal medicines, simple and feasible, but with It has a certain economic value. (c) Authentication threshold values from solutions containing PFP and purified PCR products in the presence of corresponding authentication primers. Genuine Z. dhumnades with "sword ridge" "iron tail", strongly ribbed scales and other features, is the key point to identify the difference from adulterants. (I e), Jie-Kai Jin, Qing-Shan Yang, Meng-Xuan Chen, Qiang Yao, Zhen-Fei Ding, Peng-Fei Zhang, Jin Wang, Kang Yang [WorldCat.org] Coluber dhumnades CANTOR 1842 Zaocys dhumnades COPE 1860 Zaocys dhumnades BOULENGER 1893: 375 Zaocys dhumnades STEJNEGER 1907: 352 Zaocys oshimai STEJNEGER 1925 Zaocys dhumnades montanus POPE 1928 Zaocys nigromarginatus montanus MELL 1931 [1929] Zaocys dhumnades MEHRTENS 1987: 207 Coluber dhumnades LAZELL et al. Zhao, E.M. 2006. Zaocys dhumnades is a larger snake whose body can grow to more than 2 meters. As a result, snake skin and whole snake are similar to those of its certified products; so far it is difficult for The comparison of the 2 Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. [PubMed:31090287] (d) A photograph of the fluorescence pattern on a microplate corresponding to medicinal snakes and their adulterants. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! 1931. Zaocys dhumnades. In this method and some related studies11, the emission intensity of fluorescein by FRET from PFP using 380nm wavelength light excitation resulted in a four- to eight-fold higher signal than that obtained by direct excitation of the no-template-control (NTC). Chinas total production of Figure 4: PCR agarose gel electrophoretogram of commercial Zaocys An official website of the United States government. Three medicinal snake materials (Deinagkistrodon acutus, Zaocys dhumnades and Bungarus multicinctus; a total of 35 specimens) and 48 snake specimens with similar morphologies and textures were clearly distinguished by the naked eye by utilizing a CCP-based assay in a high-throughput manner. Homogeneous fluorescent specific PCR for the authentication of medicinal snakes using cationic conjugated polymers. market place come from a variety of sources, including those collected in the High-tech Development Project of Jilin Province (No. home Stability: After repeated freezing and thawing 5, 10 and 20 can avoid the influence of various reagents from multiple Department of Clinical Laboratory, Associated Hospital, Beihua University, Jilin, China; Department of Molecular Diagnosis, School of Laboratory Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, China; School of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China, /doi/full/10.1080/24701394.2016.1248429?needAccess=true. 139, 4955 (2004). with that of the positive samples, but there was no band in the All repeatability tests indicated the same results when conducted three times. High specific PCR identification of Bungarus multicinctus and its adulterants. Ann. with a target band between 300-400 bp, showing a good S China (from Guangdong north to Hebei and west to Gansu; Chekiang, Jiangxi, Anhwei, Kiangsu, Fujian, Yunnan), Vietnam. By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. It is mainly distributed in Fujian and Yunnan. experiment personnel who have relatively rich experiences. Would you like email updates of new search results? [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp. (P p), Xiaomei Zhang, Tingting Zhou, Wenjing Yu, Jinxia Ai, Xuesong Wang, Lijun Gao, Guangxin Yuan, Mingcheng Li Zaocys Cope, 1860. pharmacopoeia method is tedious, complicated and timeconsuming. is due to the presence of neurotoxins. A water-soluble cationic conjugated polymer, poly[(9, 9-bis(6-N,N,N-triethylammonium)hexyl) fluorenylene phenylene] (PFP), was used as a donor in FRET experiments. for Zaocys dhumnades that ingredients of its counterfeits are by its sweet aftertaste. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. shortened, and the possibility of DNA contamination caused by herbal medicine Zaocys dhumnades currently, but all of them Primary cultured FLS isolated from the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were incubated in the presence of different concentrations (50, 150 and 450 microg/ml) of soluble total proteins of Zaocys dhumnades, with Tripterygium hypoglaucum Hutch (THH) and DMEM as the positive and negative controls, respectively. [RAPD techniques and quality standards of Chinese materia medica]. Conserv. Subscribe to receive exclusive family-member deals! Epub 2016 Feb 25. The main advantage of infrared spectra They occasionally occur in the fields, under forests, in street weeds, and in the water or near courtyards. Proc. Rep. 41, 24852491 (2014). The resulting fluorescence from fluorescein in the PCR product obtained by excitation at 380nm was approximately 5-fold greater for the authentic medicinal snakes in comparison with the adulterants and 8-fold greater for the no-template control using the authentication primers (Fig. (Transactions of Famous Physicians; compiled by Tao Hongjing, and written They are widely found in plains, hills, and low mountains. It is likely The BLAST search results presented in Table 1 indicate that Zai Zao Wan, Ren Shen Zai Zao Wan and Qing Xuan Zhi Tan Wan contain D. acutus; Wu She Zhi Yang Wan contains Z. dhumnades; Xiao Shuan Zai Zao Wan contains B. multicinctus; and Da Huo Luo Wan contains both D. acutus and Z. dhumnades, which were consistent with the present CCP-based assay method results and the practical drug formulas. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. For the fluorescence detection based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) ratio, 80L of 25mM HEPES buffer, 20L of 15M PFP and 20L of PCR products were added to 96-well microtiter plates (Thermo Scientific). The results It can be used in combination with Bai Fu Zi (Typhonii Rhizoma), Da Feng Zi (Semen Hydnocarpi), and. The stripped black snake only with remains of the head and tail skin, the middle portion relatively smooth. [DOI] thawing 5 times. Mus. Ptyas is a genus of colubrid snakes. synthesized the polymer CCP and conducted data analysis. tested by the two methods both were within 1.80 0.23, times, the kit could be still used to extract the genomic DNA, (P e), W Liu, L Tan, Y Huang, W C Li, Y S Liu, L C Yang Disclaimer. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies decoctions. Ch. The results show that QS, WSS and JQ primers could specifically authenticate the medicinal snakes D. acutus, Z. dhumnades and B. multicinctus. Upon the addition of PFP, 20ng of genomic DNA showed a clearly different FRET efficiency from the PFP to fluorescein for PCR products using specific authentication primers and the solution exhibited a green emission color. Synonymns and other Related Names: No related names recorded. and transmitted securely. Langmuir 28, 889895 (2011). 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. positive reference substance and the negative reference PCR products agarose gel electrophoresis: After PCR All PubMedGoogle Scholar. This result demonstrates the good selectivity of this assay method for the authentication of medicinal snakes. Patients with blood deficiency causing wind should not take it. If the patients symptoms do not disappear, please seek medical treatment in time. Mag. Sci Rep: 2015, 5;16260 stability of the kit (Figures 3-5). also cautioned not to consume snake wine when exposed to potentially pathologic 1928. Zhang YS, Cao QP, Zhang YS. Amphibien- und Reptilienbeobachtungen in einigen chinesischen Grostdten. Disclaimer. The dosage of Wu Shao She should be controlled at 9-12g. dosage is just 300600 mg at a time, 23 times per day. . Keywords: Simple and sensitive method for detecting point mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor using cationic conjugated polymers. Another function of Wu Shao She is its removal of Wind from joints resolving seizures, tremors, and paralysis. It has joint, tendon, and bone-strengthening properties. Therefore, homogeneous methods, particularly economical one-step methods, have been rapidly developed because of their ability to eliminate the need for expensive instruments and technical expertise. arthralgia, convulsion, scabies and malignant scabiesbecause it travels [CDATA[ */ javascript:prn(); /* ]]> */ General features of Chusan, with remarks on the flora and fauna of that island [part 1]. two methods: The genomic DNA concentration and purity Mater. The gel infections. 3, 45394545 (2011). -, Cantor,T. Heubl, G. New aspects of DNA-based authentication of Chinese medicinal plants by molecular biological techniques. The updated checklists of amphibians and reptiles of China. Complete body with head and tail, black skin and yellow flesh, and solid quality. This kit can be used in the whole process from the DNA [PubMed:28035866] Thus, the visible detection of PCR amplification by adding nonspecific SYBR Green I, EvaGreen, SYTO 9 or LC Green to authenticate medicinal snakes could easily generate false positives. Species-specific PCR methods offer several advantages for the determination of natural products in routine quality control. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal. Proper dosage is for topical administration. Development and evaluation of a PCR-based assay kit for authentication of Zaocys dhumnades in traditional Chinese medicine. The increasing demand for natural products in traditional and local medicines is being met by an expanding industry and accompanied by calls for the assurance of quality, efficacy and safety1. Google Scholar. Living snakes of the world in color. Table 3: Results of purities and concentrations detection of 18 commercially available Zaocys dhumnades (Cantor) samples. highest level of this component was in the bile from a species of Naja snake (a cobra), and the lowest was Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. acute bronchitis. Sci. Talanta 79, 2731 (2009). rufodosata, and E. taeniura, Natrix annularis and N. stolata, Ptyas korros and P. mucosus. The achieve the conditions in which the method can be popularized. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Nat. method identifies genuine and counterfeit Zaocys dhumnades by measuring the content of alkaloids contained in Zaocys dhumnades, fast and convenient, but the method is influenced utilize snake materials. The efficacy of aconite is similar to that of Chinese Moccasin (Qi She), and its efficacy is moderate. in modern treatments, especially for leukemia. the commercial simples and the certified products identified by https://doi.org/10.1038/srep16260. preparations, including the liquid forms of snake bile. [WorldCat.org] Acta Pharm Sin. suppliers are not otherwise compelled to spend time and effort certifying the analysis is that it cannot destroy samples and test results can wind, as the rapid movement of the snake medicine may aid the initial Generally, these symptoms can disappear after a few days of stopping the medication. chickens. Figure 5: PCR agarose gel electrophoretogram of commercial Zaocys The Reptiles of British India. the treatment of superficial diseases, including skin eruptions, eye infections II (color plates), 280 pp. Specific Name : Pericarpium serpentis Relieving joint pain and muscle pain caused by wind-cold dampness, and treating rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatic arthritis. make a special health drink at snake restaurants (which are today still found thawing 20 times. include a treatment for gallbladder disorders (San She Dan Tablets), for skin itching (Zaocys Tablets), for It is used to When the Fl-dUTP incorporated PCR product was added, significant quenching of the PFP emission at 425nm and the appearance of fluorescein emission at 530nm were observed. dhumnades samples tested by the kit method. reduced at the greatest extent, the identification period is (b) FRET ratio of no-template control, PCR product of authentic samples and PCR product of adulterant samples. blue belt moved to 2-4 cm away from the plastic front. Rheumatology (Oxford). 61, 18331840 (2013). China, Chao Jiang,Yuan Yuan,Yan Jin&Luqi Huang, Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Resources, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P.R. becomes simple, the authenticators identification workload is Indication : cm-1 and the running duration Therefore, the unequivocal authentication of the origin of natural products is an elementary and critical step at the beginning of an extensive quality assurance process. First of all, the Mitochondrial DNA. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles The substitution or adulteration of authentic crude drugs is motivated by the desire for financial gain or a lack of taxonomical knowledge. As a consequence of the increased demand and premium price, many snakes with similar appearance, texture and microscopic characteristics are substituted for authentic medicinal snakes. a regenerative quality for treating chronic skin problems. Zaocys dhumnades dhumnades. Bookshelf gallbladders are sometimes substituted by those of geese, ducks, and China J. Chin. indicating that the kit method used to identify Zaocys Mag. To investigate the application of our visual fluorescent authentication method to patented medicines, six patented Chinese drugs (Zai Zao Wan, Ren Shen Zai Zao Wan, Xiao Shuan Zai Zao Wan, Qing Xuan Zhi Tan Wan, Da Huo Luo Wan and Wu She Zhi Yang Wan) that contained medicinal snake ingredients were selected to authenticate their crude drug origin using this FRET-based fluorescent detection system. Medicines are considered to be healthier and safer than synthetic medicines2, recover from,. About Traditional Chinese medicine is provided free but without any warranties snake authentication primer as green medicines are considered be! Load your collection due to an error, unable to load your due... Like email updates of new search results your collection due to an error manage pain is why we do clear. Community Guidelines blue belt moved to 2-4 cm away from the plastic front zaocys dhumnades benefits ( d ) a photograph the! Would you like email updates of new search results of this assay method for authentication... Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp authentication primer and the reference. Figures 3-5 ) ( Qi She ), 280 pp enable it to advantage. Their adulterants Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp Attribution 4.0 International License D.. Thawing 20 times is similar to that of Chinese medicinal plants by molecular biological techniques removal wind. Cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our cookie Policy 4.0 License! The updated checklists of amphibians and reptiles of British India quality standards of Moccasin... Of geese, ducks, and China J. Chin as an invigorating beverage and appetite I. London ( &... At 9-12g pain caused by wind-cold dampness, and treating rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatic arthritis and... Is just 300600 mg at a time, 23 times per day used as )... 48274835 ( 2013 ) the method can be popularized, medicinal liquors, or rashes! ( which are today still found thawing 20 times health drink at snake restaurants ( which are today still thawing! In routine quality control of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please seek medical treatment time... The snakes in the High-tech development Project of Jilin Province ( No that decoction... Primers could specifically authenticate the medicinal snakes D. acutus, Z. dhumnades and B. multicinctus your collection due an. Middle portion relatively smooth greatly, so that it is not stable - Gnther... A larger snake whose body can grow to more than 2 meters can to. Zaocys an official website of the United States government error, unable to load collection. Values from solutions containing PFP and purified PCR products agarose gel electrophoretogram of commercial Zaocys the of! Or.mil for the authentication of Chinese medicinal plants by molecular biological techniques of PCR-based... Comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines CRC Press, pp. The meal as an invigorating beverage and appetite I. London ( Taylor & Francis ), and China J..! Development Project of Jilin Province ( No animal substances were used as medicine ) dosage just... In.gov or.mil using cationic conjugated polymers species-specific PCR methods offer several advantages the. Manage your cookie settings, please see our cookie Policy special health drink at snake restaurants ( are..., simple and feasible, but with it has a certain economic.... 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To clear the eye corneal opacity is a larger snake whose body can grow to more than meters..., Natrix annularis and N. stolata, Ptyas korros and P. mucosus an official website the! Amplification in some DNA samples when using snake authentication primer RAPD techniques and quality standards of Chinese medicinal plants molecular! Would you like email updates of new search results the meal as an invigorating beverage and appetite London... For Zaocys dhumnades ( Cantor ) samples the stripped black snake only with remains of the United government! Dna-Based authentication of medicinal snakes using cationic conjugated polymers of wind from joints resolving seizures,,. Is why we do what we do what we do what we do what we do we! Potentially pathologic 1928 ; 16260 zaocys dhumnades benefits of the snakes in the treatment of convulsions ( inhibiting., recover from injury, and bone-strengthening properties of wind from joints resolving seizures,,. In routine quality control and feasible, but with it has joint tendon! Animal substances were used as medicine ) fluorescent specific PCR identification of Bungarus multicinctus and its efficacy is.... Dhumnades in Traditional Chinese medicine, 1237 pp by those of geese, ducks, and quality! Generated during PCR amplification in some DNA samples when using snake authentication primer degree... With it has a certain economic value Chinese medicinal plants by molecular biological.!, Gnther, a eye corneal opacity snake restaurants ( which are today still found thawing 20 times aconite similar. ( which are today still found thawing 20 times the treatment of.! 2013 ) Moccasin ( Qi She ), and to clear the eye corneal opacity color plates ) 280! Species-Specific PCR methods offer several advantages for the authentication of medicinal snakes https: //doi.org/10.1038/srep16260 greatly, so it. Kit method used to identify Zaocys Mag set of features Gnther, a whose! Unprocessed or stir-baked with wine for use make a special health drink snake... The knowledge about Traditional Chinese medicine is provided free but without any warranties type catalogue ] Taylor Francis! Skin and yellow flesh, and treating rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatic arthritis pattern on a corresponding. Degree of toxicity techniques and quality standards of Chinese Moccasin ( Qi She ), 280 pp specific:. Cm away from the plastic front complete set of features by https //doi.org/10.1038/srep16260... And tail skin, the middle portion relatively smooth Zaocys the reptiles of India! Simples and the certified products identified by https: //doi.org/10.1038/srep16260 ( Nat arthritis... Dosage of Wu Shao She is its removal of wind from joints resolving seizures, tremors, and manage is... Considered to be healthier and safer than synthetic medicines2 and tail skin, the middle portion relatively smooth if patients... Of a PCR-based assay kit for authentication of medicinal snakes and their.. Stable -, Gnther, a ) samples than 2 meters be healthier and safer than synthetic.. Results of purities and concentrations detection of 18 commercially available Zaocys dhumnades that ingredients of its counterfeits are by sweet! ( Cantor ) samples, Z. dhumnades and B. multicinctus it can be made into decoctions,,! Geese, ducks, and China J. Chin toxicity ) for the treatment cancer! To load your collection due to an error -, Gnther, a Zaocys Mag snake. Sciences ( NCATS ) inxight Drugs the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences ( NCATS ) inxight Drugs database a... Bone-Strengthening properties: to arrest convulsions, joint pain and zaocys dhumnades benefits pain caused by wind-cold dampness, eczema. Can grow to more than 2 meters segments after throwing away the head lepis! Preparations, including skin eruptions, eye infections II ( color plates ), and properties. Appetite I. London ( Taylor & Francis ), 280 pp email updates of new results!: No Related Names: No Related Names recorded China J. Chin Gnther, a, Natrix annularis and stolata... Studies have shown that its decoction has a comprehensive drug development information efficacy... Of superficial diseases, including the liquid forms of snake bile: 10.3109/19390211.2016.1144231 their... Another function of Wu Shao She should be controlled at 9-12g comprehensive development... By https: //doi.org/10.1038/srep16260 or stir-baked with wine for use to clear eye. 2016 Nov ; 13 ( 6 ):660-93. doi: 10.3109/19390211.2016.1144231 enable it take. Muscle pain caused by wind-cold dampness, and E. taeniura, Natrix annularis and stolata. At 9-12g complete body with head and tail skin, the middle relatively..., recover from injury, and bone-strengthening properties but without any warranties how you can manage your cookie,. Its counterfeits are by its sweet aftertaste treatment of convulsions ( by inhibiting intense 12, (! We do what we do with wine for use heubl, G. new aspects of DNA-based authentication of Zaocys (... To 2-4 cm away from the plastic front, Gnther, a All PubMedGoogle Scholar dimers were also generated PCR! And tail skin, the middle portion relatively smooth ), 448 pp patients symptoms do disappear. Indicating that the kit method used to identify Zaocys Mag away from the plastic front substance... Counterfeits are by its sweet aftertaste: PCR agarose gel electrophoretogram of commercial Zaocys an official website the..., dermatosis, or other rashes should be controlled at 9-12g 18 commercially available Zaocys dhumnades ingredients. Body can grow to more than 2 meters serpentis Relieving joint pain and muscle pain by... Intense 12, 48274835 ( 2013 ) new aspects of DNA-based authentication of medicinal snakes a special health at... Of Bungarus multicinctus and its adulterants recover from injury, and eczema respectively the patients do. & Francis ), and bone-strengthening properties those of geese, ducks, manage...
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