Both MTN and Vodacom have also debunked the theories. Both the social structures and infrastructure that enabled African systems of enslavement were strengthened by the transatlantic slave trade. The term “white slaves” emerged in the 17th and 18th centuries, first as a derogatory term for Irish laborers—equating their social position to that of slaves—later as political rhetoric in Ireland itself, and later still as Southern pro-slavery propaganda against an industrialized North. The North American Great Ape. It’s also true that slavery was based in the American South; that it formed the basis of Southern society; that white Southerners were its most fervent defenders; and that those Southerners would eventually fight a war to preserve and expand the institution. To elide this is to diminish the realities of chattel slavery, which—perhaps—is one reason the most vocal purveyors of the myth are neo-Confederate and white supremacist groups. Battling the 'homosexual agenda,' the hard-line religious right has made a series of incendiary claims. Last year, in an unsigned (and now withdrawn) review of historian Ed Baptist’s book The Half Has Never Been Told, the Economist took issue with Baptist’s “overstated” treatment of the topic, arguing that the increase in the country’s economic output in the 19th century shouldn’t be chalked up to black workers’ innovations in the cotton field but rather to masters treating their slaves well out of economic self-interest—a bit of seemingly rational counterargument that ignores the moral force of Baptist’s narrative, while making space for the fantasy of kindly slavery. The claim in the tweet, which has had more than 45,000 retweets and likes, is false and misrepresents Gates' words. Neither of the authors “bother to inform the reader, in a coherent manner, what the differences are between chattel slavery and indentured servitude or forced labor,” writes Hogan. Eleven pulled out alive in China mine rescue, Long watch: Is this Russian cult leader a fraud? We've found no evidence to support these claims. Whether or not Anthony Johnson was the first American slaveholder, he was certainly not the last black person to own slaves. Indentured servitude was difficult, deadly work, and many indentured servants died before their terms were over. Anthony Johnson, the black ex–indentured servant whose bio opened the first episode of our podcast, did sue to hold John Casor for life in 1653, and the resulting civil court decision remanding Casor to Johnson’s ownership was (as historian R. Halliburton Jr. writes) “one of the first known legal sanctions of slavery” in the colonies. That phrase—“one of”—is crucial. Is it true? He concludes: "This is a sensational hoax, but a very successful one.". Conspiracy theory connects 5G to Covid-19. Hogan cites several writers—Sean O’Callaghan in To Hell or Barbados and Don Jordan and Michael Walsh in White Cargo: The Forgotten History of Britain’s White Slaves in America—who exaggerate poor treatment of Irish indentured servants and intentionally conflate their status with African slaves. Carl Benjamin (1979–), better known as Sargon of Akkad, Carl I of Swindon or The Thinkery, is a YouTube talker, failed UKIP candidate for the South West England constituency of the European Parliament, right-wing reactionary and trend setter in the exciting new scene of dairy based fashion.Although Benjamin claims the mantle of "skeptic", his commentary often features theories of a … The South’s production of cotton drove industrialization and fueled a massive commodities market that transformed the world. One of his salvos: “Slavery was common throughout Africa, with entire tribes becoming enslaved after losing battles. Coronavirus: Bill Gates ‘microchip’ conspiracy theory and other vaccine claims fact-checked. And you'll never see this message again. 3. As humans migrated out of Africa—in two. He sets out a hypothetical situation about the potential harm of side-effects, saying:"If we have one in 10,000 side-effects, that's way more... 700,000 people who will suffer from that.". We’d like to offer counterarguments—some historical, some ethical—to the most common misdirections that surface in conversations about slavery. new environments in many ways. We don't have significant evidence or study to quote anything.". And in an August obituary of civil rights leader Julian Bond, the Times called his great-grandmother Jane Bond “the slave mistress of a Kentucky farmer”—a term that accords far too much agency to Bond’s ancestor and too little blame to the “farmer” who enslaved her. Rumours took hold in March when Mr Gates said in an interview that eventually "we will have some digital certificates" which would be used to show who'd recovered, been tested and ultimately who received a vaccine. Even if Africans (or Arabs, or Jews) colluded in the slave trade, should white Americans be entitled to do whatever they pleased with the people who were unlucky enough to fall victim? But, as historian Marcus Rediker writes, the “ancient and widely accepted institution” of enslavement in Africa was exacerbated by the European presence. By Jack Goodman and Flora CarmichaelBBC Reality Check. Did blacks serve in the Confederacy? The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. © 2021 BBC. Bottom line: Slavery was the basis of white supremacy, which united all whites in a racist hierarchy. GGlove84 on July 07, 2017: I'm sorry but the evidence is there. But slaves were hardly in a better position. The article makes reference to a study, funded by The Gates Foundation, into a technology that could store someone's vaccine records in a special ink administered at the same time as an injection. We could compare levels of mistreatment of Northern factory workers and Southern enslaved laborers and find that each group lived with hunger and injury; both findings are dismaying. The theory is that if enough people are naturally exposed to the virus, the population could build up enough immunity to resist continued spread among the "herd" of people. How the pandemic has changed the world economy, The paper that helped the homeless. .css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:link{color:inherit;}.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:visited{color:#696969;}.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:link,.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:visited{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:link:hover,.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:visited:hover,.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:link:focus,.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:visited:focus{color:#B80000;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:link::after,.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:visited::after{content:'';position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;z-index:2;}Eleven pulled out alive in China mine rescue. We move forward...not backward. Which raises a question: Where did the myth of Irish slavery come from? Bottom line: Even if Anthony Johnson was the first person in the North American colonies to hold a slave—even if many black people across the years held slaves—that doesn’t erase the fact that it was the racially based system of hereditary slavery that harmed the vast majority of black people living within it. Absolutely: As enslaved people, countless black Americans cooked, cleaned, and worked for Confederate regiments and their officers. The 10,000 experiment rule, first coined by Medium, requires taking the scientific method – develop a hypothesis, test it out, analyze the results, develop another hypothesis – and using it in every day life. The Rashtriya Kamdhenu Aayog, part of India's Ministry of Agriculture, confirmed there will be trials for a Covid treatment combining cow urine, dung, butter, ghee and milk - but not a vaccine. February 27, 2011. (N.B. The fact that some members of an oppressed class participate in oppression doesn’t excuse that oppression. A few places. Those who survived their terms received their freedom. The narrator of the clip is Stefano Montanari, an Italian researcher with a degree in pharmacology, who claims the end goal is to get everyone vaccinated. VideoLong watch: Is this Russian cult leader a fraud? Efforts to free the miners, who were stuck underground for 14 days, took a dramatic turn on Sunday. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation says: "The reference to 'digital certificates' relates to efforts to create an open-source digital platform with the goal of expanding access to safe, home-based testing.". A certain resistance to discussion about the toll of American slavery isn’t confined to the least savory corners of the Internet. But, as historian Ira Berlin writes, the slave South was a slave society, not just a society with slaves. Long watch: Is this Russian cult leader a fraud? It is true that whichever pharmaceutical company develops a vaccine could potentially profit from the success, but the idea that this potential profit would be a motive to invent a pandemic is far-fetched. These brave men fought in the trenches beside their White brothers, all under the Confederate Battle Flag,” reads a statement from the South Carolina chapter of the Sons of Confederate Veterans. Bottom line: This is another case of the “two wrongs” fallacy. The theory eventually inspired an armed man in search of the nonexistent children to enter Comet Ping Pong. They considered black people’s palates to be less refined than white people’s, and this justified serving a monotonous diet of pork and cornmeal. Believers of the oft-debunked Pizzagate theory falsely alleged that Hillary Clinton, then the Democratic presidential nominee, and her aides were involved with a child-sex-trafficking ring at a pizza restaurant in Washington called Comet Ping Pong. If so few Southerners owned slaves, goes the argument, then the war had to be about something else (namely, the sanctity of states’ rights). Is it true? “Black people fought for the Confederacy.”. We don't still whine about it. In fact there is no known cure for coronavirus. There were no photographers in 17th-century Virginia.). We asked Dr Rajni Kant, a biologist and head of research at the Indian Council for Medical Research, about the use of cow urine or dung as a treatment. Whites who couldn’t afford slaves wanted them in the same way that, today, most Americans want to own a home. Some of the posts, including one shared more than 1,000 times, link to a front-page story from the Ahmedabad Mirror, which reports that a trial of medicine derived from cow's milk, butter, ghee, dung and urine is under way. He does not "admit" 700,000 will die from a vaccine. : According to the 1860 census, taken just before the Civil War, more than 32 percent of white families in the soon-to-be Confederate states owned slaves. Read more. That response led to one widely shared article, under the headline: "Bill Gates will use microchip implants to fight coronavirus". But they didn’t fight; there’s no evidence that black Americans—enslaved or free—fought Union soldiers under Confederate banners. The Big Pharma conspiracy theory is a group of conspiracy theories that claim that the medical community in general and pharmaceutical companies in particular, especially large corporations, operate for sinister purposes and against the public good, and that they allegedly conceal effective treatments, or even cause and worsen a wide range of diseases. The Nibiru cataclysm is a supposed disastrous encounter between the Earth and a large planetary object (either a collision or a near-miss) that certain groups believed would take place in the early 21st century.Believers in this doomsday event usually refer to this object as Nibiru or Planet X.The idea was first put forward in 1995 by Nancy Lieder, founder of the website ZetaTalk. It’s true that the North played a major role in sustaining the slave economy. More or Less is on ... the idea that there's a typical length of time for which people can pay attention to even that one task has also been debunked. VideoThe paper that helped the homeless, How India calculates value of women's housework, The deadly ingredient smuggled onto US menus, Viewpoint: Africa no longer needs lectures from the US, Tunisians question whether life is better after Arab Spring, .css-1ty7601-HeadlineContainer{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;width:100%;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375rem;}.css-ftbx47-Heading{width:100%;}Eleven pulled out alive in China mine rescue.css-2nuv1h-Rank{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.75rem;font-weight:normal;padding-left:0.75rem;color:#B80000;}@media (min-width:37.5rem){.css-2nuv1h-Rank{font-size:2rem;line-height:2.25rem;}}1, Vaccinated people may spread Covid, warns Van-Tam2, A man who invited the world over for dinner5, In pictures: Defiant Russians rally for opposition6, Star Wars supports host Arielle after racist abuse7, The homeless addict who became a history professor8, Minister who promoted 'Covid syrup' tests positive9, PM talks to Biden in first call since inauguration10. Continental drift was a revolutionary scientific theory developed in the years 1908-1912 by Alfred Wegener (1880-1930), a German meteorologist, climatologist, and geophysicist, that put forth the hypothesis that the continents had all originally been a part of one enormous landmass or supercontinent about 240 million years ago before breaking apart and drifting to their current locations. Some black slaveholders bought family members, though this humanitarian arrangement doesn’t account for all of the history of black slaveholding, as Gates points out. Advertising. By joining Slate Plus you support our work and get exclusive content. And if slaves seem good soldiers, then our whole theory of slavery is wrong.”, The myth is a product of the post-war period, when former Confederate leaders worked to retroactively redefine secession from a movement to preserve slavery to a fight for abstract “state’s rights” and a hazy “Southern way of life.”, Bottom line: Even if there were black soldiers in the Confederate army, it doesn’t change the truth of the Confederacy: Its goal was the protection and expansion of slavery. “[T]he existing relation between the two races in the South,” argued South Carolina Sen. John C. Calhoun in 1837, “forms the most solid and durable foundation on which to rear free and stable political institutions.” Many whites couldn’t imagine Southern society without slavery. He didn't mention Mr Gates by name but in the US, Roger Stone, a former adviser to Donald Trump, said Bill Gates and others were using the virus for "microchipping people so we can tell 'whether you've been tested'.". The large majority of slaveholding families were small farmers and not the major planters who dominate our image of “slavery.”. As historian and public librarian Liam Hogan writes in a paper titled “The Myth of ‘Irish Slaves’ in the Colonies,” “Persons from Ireland have been held in various forms of human bondage throughout history, but they have never been chattel slaves in the West Indies.” Nor is there any evidence of Irish chattel slavery in the North American colonies. We’ll get to that in a minute. Servants could even petition for early release due to mistreatment, and colonial lawmakers established different, often lesser, punishments for disobedient servants compared to disobedient slaves. : The image in the meme above isn’t of Anthony Johnson. It has not been rolled out yet, would not allow people to be tracked and personal information would not be entered into a database, says Ana Jaklenec, a scientist involved in the study. He made no mention of microchips. A slave named Peter, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, April 2, 1863. a June column on the legacy of Robert E. Lee, The Myth of ‘Irish Slaves’ in the Colonies, brought a cargo of Africans from Barbados to Boston in 1634, sentenced to lifelong slavery in Virginia, considered black people’s palates to be less refined than white people’s. “You cannot make soldiers of slaves, or slaves of soldiers,” declared Howell Cobb, president of the Provisional Confederate State Congress that drafted the Confederate States of America constitution. As Full Fact points out in a more recent dismantling of the conspiracy theory, the coronavirus outbreak has had a profound impact on countries with no 5G coverage, such as Iran. Enslaved workers were expected to supplement their diets when they could, by tending their own vegetable gardens and hunting or trapping—more work to be added to their already heavy loads. There is plenty of info out there on aquatic ape theory, though. He argues that the epidemic "will continue to be totally made-up" until there is a vaccine that "will bring money and corruption into the already full pockets of some". Is it true? But European demand changed the shape of this market, strengthening enslavers and ensuring that more and more people would be carried away. White adults (and children) labored in dangerous environments and were often hungry. And when it was threatened, those whites—whether they owned slaves or not—took up arms to defend their “way of life.”. And even this measure was divisive: Opponents attacked it as a betrayal of the Confederacy’s aim and purpose. Typically, this fact is used to suggest that the Civil War was not about slavery. : There’s no question that this is true. The Microsoft billionaire has been the target of many different false rumours about vaccines. “It is a very sad aspect of African-American history that slavery sometimes could be a colorblind affair,” writes Henry Louis Gates Jr. on the Root, in a fascinating piece about the history of black slaveholders in the United States. It turns out that Young and the organisation that held the conference where he made his claims have a history of spreading unfounded conspiracy theories. : If we’re talking about slavery as it was practiced on Africans in the United States—that is, hereditary chattel slavery—then the answer is a clear no. In a June column on the legacy of Robert E. Lee that was otherwise largely critical of the Confederate general, New York Times op-ed columnist David Brooks wrote that, though Lee owned slaves, he didn’t like owning slaves—a biographical detail whose inclusion seemed to imply that Lee’s ambivalence somehow made his slaveholding less objectionable. waves, some scientists say—they adapted to. More recently, Hogan notes, several sources have conflated indentured servitude with chattel slavery in order to argue for a particular Irish disadvantage in the Americas, when compared to other white immigrant groups. : It was undeniably hard to be a factory worker in the 19th century. The two mobile network operators began rolling out 5G across the country last year and aim to accelerate the roll-out once spectrum has been auctioned by the end of March 31. But there’s one conspiracy theory that he’s not ruling out. Read about our approach to external linking. The article quotes a doctor as saying: "Cow urine is known to have medicinal components that can cure Covid-19." There is no evidence whatsoever to support his theory that the pandemic is a hoax. Up and until Kenya was formed in 1963, it was known as the “British East Africa Protectorate”. In 1640 John Punch, a runaway servant of African descent, was sentenced to lifelong slavery in Virginia, while the two European-born companions who fled with him had their indentures extended. Nor does it change the fact that this institution left a profound legacy for the descendants of enslaved Africans, who even after emancipation were subject to almost a century of violence, disenfranchisement, and pervasive oppression, with social, economic, and cultural effects that persist to the present. Slavery Myths Debunked The Irish were slaves too; slaves had it better than Northern factory workers; black people fought for the Confederacy; and other lies, half-truths, and irrelevancies. While working on our Slate Academy podcast, The History of American Slavery, we encountered many types of slavery denial—frequently disguised as historical correctives and advanced by those who want to change (or end) conversation about the deep impact of slavery on American history. A .css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link{color:#3F3F42;}.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited{color:#696969;}.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited{font-weight:700;border-bottom:1px solid #BABABA;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link:hover,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited:hover,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link:focus,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited:focus{border-bottom-color:currentcolor;border-bottom-width:2px;color:#B80000;}@supports (text-underline-offset:0.25em){.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited{border-bottom:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline #BABABA;text-decoration:underline #BABABA;-webkit-text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-decoration-thickness:1px;-webkit-text-decoration-skip-ink:none;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;text-underline-offset:0.25em;}.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link:hover,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited:hover,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link:focus,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited:focus{-webkit-text-decoration-color:currentcolor;text-decoration-color:currentcolor;-webkit-text-decoration-thickness:2px;text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:#B80000;}}new YouGov poll of 1,640 people suggests that 28% of Americans believe that Bill Gates wants to use vaccines to implant microchips in people - with the figure rising to 44% among Republicans. Is it true? In pictures: Defiant Russians rally for opposition, The homeless addict who became a history professor, The man who invited the world over for dinner. The video excerpt, which lasts about 30 seconds, circulated widely on Twitter, shocking and angering many users. In the video, Mr Gates is talking about the efficacy of vaccines in older people and cautions about the risk of side-effects. If you value our work, please disable your ad blocker. Blandina on November 07, 2017: I really like your article, I wish I could use this for a presentation of these theory's , I would like to use you as a source , however there's not enough information about the author. Of course, this is an average, and different states had different levels of slaveholding. @Jon_theSage - Actually my ancestors were Irish slaves here. A conspiracy theory linking 5G mobile telecommunications masts to the spread of the coronavirus is baseless and fake, South Africa's telecom regulator said … In the UK, the claim led to harassment of telecoms engineers and vandalisation of mobile phone infrastructure. This is Bigfoot debunked. Slavery was at the foundation of economic and social relations, and slave-ownership was aspirational—a symbol of wealth and prosperity. AFP Factcheck has been debunking disinformation as it emerges along with new cases across the world. This is an important point. Newsmax host Sebastian Gorka cut off guest Mike Lindell on-air after the MyPillow CEO started to spread a conspiracy theory about voting machines. : It depends on how you parse the timeline. You’ve run out of free articles. Politifact has debunked that claim, saying in 2015 that the theory started with Clinton supporters in 2008, not the candidate herself. Evelyn Schlatter and Robert Steinback . “Only a small percentage of Southerners owned slaves.”, “The vast majority of soldiers in the Confederate Army were simple men of meager income,” rather than wealthy slaveholders, writes the anonymous author of a widely-circulated Confederate History “fact sheet.”. Slate is published by The Slate Group, a Graham Holdings Company. Good luck with your presentation! If you … Bottom line: Often, this line comes from Southern defenders, who want to emphasize Northern complicity. One popular Italian video, which has been viewed more than 700,000 times on Facebook, has a caption claiming that the pandemic has been "invented". Several experts told me the theory that the virus was meant to be a bioweapon doesn’t make sense, either. Deliberate experimentation has a lot in common with deliberate practice – the goal is to get better by developing crucial skills – but the means is different. “Our new government is founded upon … the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man; that slavery subordination to the superior race is his natural and normal condition,” said Confederate vice president Alexander Stephens in his “Cornerstone Speech.” “This, our new government, is the first, in the history of the world, based upon this great physical, philosophical, and moral truth.”. He said: "We don't have any significant evidence or study to quote that these have any efficacy against Covid-19. While it makes some intuitive sense that a person would be rationally motivated to take care of his or her “property,” as the Economist’s reviewer suggested, historians have found that American slaveholders were apt to provide minimum levels of food and shelter for enslaved people. A recent post on a UK-based Twitter account said: "Bill Gates admits the vaccine will no doubt kill 700,000 people" and links to a video featuring right-wing conspiracy theorist Alex Jones. Tribal chieftains often sold their defeated foes to white slave-traders.”. From the origins of the virus to how it transmits, an Australian health security expert and an immunology professor address some of the conspiracy theories and myths being shared about COVID-19. 10 Anti-Gay Myths Debunked . Above all, indentured servitude wasn’t hereditary. By Jack Goodman and Flora Carmichael BBC Reality Check The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation told the BBC the claim was "false". In Arkansas, just 20 percent of families owned slaves; in South Carolina, it was 46 percent; in Mississippi, it was 49 percent. The ship Desire brought a cargo of Africans from Barbados to Boston in 1634; these people were sold as slaves. But the two types of historical guilt aren’t mutually exclusive. In 1641, the passage of the Body of Liberties provided legal sanction for the slave trade in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. .css-1xgx53b-Link{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:700;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:#FFFFFF;}.css-1xgx53b-Link:hover,.css-1xgx53b-Link:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}Read about our approach to external linking. Since very few laws regulated slaveholders’ treatment of enslaved people, there would be no guarantee that the next place the enslaved person landed would be equally comfortable—and the enslaved had limited opportunity, short of running away or resisting, to control the situation. is just one; … There were a large number of Irish indentured servants, and there were cases in which Irish men and women were sentenced to indentured servitude in the “new world” and forcibly shipped across the Atlantic. “The day you make a soldier of them is the beginning of the end of the Revolution. View comments () Post a comment. Typically, this exposure happens via a vaccine, which helps people develop resistance to a virus without getting sick. Rumors, myths and misinformation about Covid-19 have spread as quickly as the disease itself. Production of cotton drove industrialization and fueled a massive commodities market that transformed the world the image the. 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