In one patient, fungemia was accompanied by clinical and laboratory evidence of Broviac catheter infection. Here we investigated the possibility that GM-CSF could antagonize DEX down-regulation of interleukin (IL)-1alpha and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production by stimulated BAM. While other current diagnostic tests perform moderately well, many lack timeliness, efficacy, and are negatively affected by treatments common to critically ill patients. Neither concentration in serum, toxicity, nor outcome correlated with dose, calculated in milligrams per kilogram at the fixed doses (400-mg increments) under study. We noted paradoxical turbid growth of Candida albicans isolates in broth in some high (supra-MIC) concentrations. Hirschi, J., Stevens, D., Brayshaw, D., Czaja, A., Drijfhout, S. & Wadley, M. Research output: Contribution to conference Abstract, Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review, Research output: Working paper Preprint. A pool of 96 clinical isolates consisting of 50 azole-resistant or susceptible dose-dependent isolates and 46 azole-susceptible isolates was screened by PCR for the presence of MTLa1 and MTLalpha1. Caspofungin did not significantly prolong survival or reduce cfu in comparison with the controls. I teach using a variety of techniques from traditional chalk and talk to computer based lectures. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in culture supernatants. Monotherapy with AmBi, ABLC, AMBd, CAS or MICA had activity in prolonging survival; however, only AMBd or CAS reduced fungal burden in the lungs and kidneys. Studies of comparative virulence, host response, and pathogenesis are also possible using this model. Last year, you joined our Twitter chat on breastfeeding bribes. Animal models are developed and used to study differences in virulence in fungal strains, their biochemical characterization and interaction with host defenses, particularly the role of therapy with recombinant cytokines and other immunomodulators, and preclinical studies of diagnosis. View details for Web of Science ID A1989AC81700042, View details for Web of Science ID A1988R546000003. A 16.5% salt concentration in brain-heart infusion broth, incubated at 35 degrees C for 48-72 hours, then subcultured to agar plates incubated in room air at 35 degrees C, proved optimal for selection and secondary isolation. Company. Abelcet showed an apparent dose-related reduction of cfu in the brains. Skip to section: Resume | Books | Testimonials, Psychologist, clinician, counsellor, lecturer, author, facilitator. From 1998 until 2005, Stevens worked as a Senior Vice President of Single Family Lending at Freddie Mac, where his responsibilities included product development, credit risk and contract negotiations for all single family businesses. View details for DOI 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2008.04.019, View details for Web of Science ID 000258994000018. Future work can focus on evaluation of MMP inhibitors, to gain a better perspective of the role of this MMP in CM. > present (Honorary Fellow of the British Science Association and the Royal Society of Biology), [????] Truck Transportation. My husband [field archaeologist David Stevens] took on the role of primary carer when we were filming, and he came with me on all the shoots. Female. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dept. No treatment regimen differed in efficacy. Five types of murine models are studied and include primary pulmonary disease, intraperitoneal with dissemination, intravenous infection emulating systemic disease, and intracranial or intrathecal infection emulating meningeal disease. The American with Disabilities Act (ADA) states that service animals cannot be prohibited from any area. The available data suggest that clinical symptoms alone are inadequate to make such decisions, since significant lung damage may occur in asymptomatic patients. Furthermore, interspecific hybrids resulting from the mating of sibling species of Saccharomyces were shown to share the ITS-PCR ribotyping patterns of both parental species. View details for DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0059237, View details for Web of Science ID 000316549400044. Indeed, archaeology is only really delightful when transfused into some form of art." Oscar Wilde. We postulate high drug concentrations derepress or activate an as-yet undefined resistance mechanism(s). Expert Opinion: What To Do When There Is Coccidioides Exposure in a Laboratory. The general availability of genetically defined strains, immunological reagents, ease of handling, and costs all contribute to the use of mice as the primary laboratory animal species for models of this disease. Clemons, K. V., Park, P. S., McCusker, J. H., McCullough, M. J., Davis, R. W., Stevens, D. A. Proliferation of HKY-stimulated spleen or lymph node cells was tested by Alamar Blue reduction and flow cytometry. Recovery from the kidneys showed non-significant reduction of cfu by combinations compared with monotherapies.Each of the drugs tested had significant efficacy against CNS aspergillosis and Abelcet in combination with voriconazole had enhanced efficacy. Survival and cfu in brain, spinal cord and CSF were determined and histology studied. Ninety percent of the mice given no treatment died by day 6, and 100% died by day 10. However, qPCR and EIA do not indicate viability, may result in false negatives. View details for Web of Science ID 000085846900002. There are so many benefits to breastfeeding, for both mum and baby. Since 2019, she has been President of the charity Humanists UK, which campaigns for state secularism and for "a tolerant world where rational thinking and kindness prevail". RFLP subtype VII-1 and C. parapsilosis sensu stricto appear to be nearly identical; C. orthopsilosis, which can be subtyped by MLST, can also be subtyped by RFLP. New drugs for systemic fungal infections. Self 1 episode, 2002 Ron Curley . Abelcet at 8 mg/kg or AmB at 0.8 mg/kg were superior to all regimens of caspofungin in reducing cfu (P < or = 0.05-0.001). View details for Web of Science ID 000088830900054, Aspergillosis comprises a variety of manifestations of infection. ; Univ. But how can we encourage more women to breastfeed and support them to do it for longer ideally up until weaning? We would like to show you a description here but the site won't allow us. ITZ in cyclodextrin was given by gavage once daily at a dose of 100 mg/kg or twice daily at 50 mg/kg. The addition of caspofungin at 0.1 microg/ml and 0.05 microg/ml to the monocyte cultures increased antifungal activity. . Scatchard analysis of [3H]progesterone binding in both the + and - mating types of Arthroderma benhamiae and in Microsporum canis revealed a single class of binding sites with approximately the same affinity as that in T. mentagrophytes (Kd, 1 X 10(-7) to 2 X 10(-7) M). Posaconazole is an extended-spectrum triazole with in vitro and in vivo activity against Aspergillus species.We investigated the efficacy and safety of posaconazole oral suspension (800 mg/day in divided doses) as monotherapy in an open-label, multicenter study in patients with invasive aspergillosis and other mycoses who were refractory to or intolerant of conventional antifungal therapy. However, death of some DBA/2N mice caused by YJM128 petite 1 showed that petites are not totally avirulent. View details for DOI 10.3109/1040841X.2011.581223, View details for Web of Science ID 000295616800001. Little is known about the immune response induced by HKY vaccination, consequently our goal was to do an analysis of HKY-induced immune responses involved in protection. The efficacy of MICA was difficult to assess because of an apparent toxicity at 10 mg kg(-1). Alice Roberts boyfriend, husband list. Capilla, J., Maffei, C. M., Clemons, K. V., Sobel, R. A., Stevens, D. A. Stevens, D. A., Brummer, E., Clemons, K. V. Escape of Candida from caspofungin inhibition at concentrations above the MIC (Paradoxical effect) accomplished by increased cell wall chitin; Evidence for beta-1,6-glucan synthesis inhibition by caspofungin. View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.02.027. Histologic examination of samples of brain tissue showed focal abscesses containing Aspergillus hyphae. The therapy of coccidioidomycosis has been an early target, both experimentally and clinically, for study of new members of the azole class of drugs, because of the recognition that coccidioidomycosis is one of the most difficult mycoses to treat, and because our research group and our collaborators have been eager to pioneer new therapies for this problem pathogen. The importance of C5 was confirmed by studies using B10.D2/oSnJ (C5-) mice and their congenic C5+ counterparts. Ravuconazole showed dose-responsive improvement of clearance of CFU. In addition, we will address the potential of immunotherapy in combination with conventional therapy.The data derived from animal model studies of antifungal drug efficacy have proven to be predictive of clinical utility. Northern blotting analyses indicated that overexpression of CDR1 and CDR2 correlates with resistance, suggesting that the two genes may be coregulated. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED), View details for Web of Science ID 000087009000015. Infection is initiated by inhalation of conidia (C) or mycelial (M) fragments, which subsequently differentiate into yeast (Y). Industry. Montoya, J. G., Chaparro, S. V., Celis, D., Cortes, J. The polymorphic loci exhibited from 20 to 42 alleles and 39 to 92 genotypes. These results indicate that AmBi in combination with VCZ may be superior for treatment of CNS aspergillosis; combinations of AmBi and MICA or CAS were not antagonistic and may have a slight benefit. We have shown previously that high-dose lipid amphotericin preparations are not more efficacious than lower doses in aspergillosis. Our novel observation of endothelial amphotericin localization during infection may contribute to amphotericin mechanism of efficacy. Res Publica: A journal of social and political philosophy. Human phagocytes of various lineages work cooperatively in vitro with antifungal drugs to inhibit or kill fungal pathogens, and this activity is augmented by several recombinant cytokines. BALFs were standardized in protein concentration. Aspergilli are ubiquitous, and can cause a variety of allergic disorders and invasive infections. To understand the protection induced by HKY against different fungal species, additional studies of epitope mapping are warranted. View details for DOI 10.1007/s11046-017-0133-9, View details for DOI 10.1128/AAC.00316-13. View details for Web of Science ID A1988N738500008. Dose range, drug bioavailability, and single and multiple treatment pharmacokinetics studies were performed. I am interested in a variety of questions within the broad field of normative political philosophy/theory. Fay Stevens is an archaeologist (UCL) and award-winning lecturer and researcher. Additional clinical trial data that expand our knowledge of the usefulness of caspofungin for these and other mycoses, including its administration in combination with other antifungal agents, is anticipated. Human effector cells with and without the addition of VCZ were incubated with Cn for 24 h. PMN, mono and MDM alone resulted in 61%, 34% and 23% inhibition of Cn, respectively (n = 3, P<0.01). To test the hypothesis that the efficacy of HKY- induced protection may be due to the cross-reactive antigens in the cell walls of the different fungi, we studied the effect of HKY against systemic candidiasis. Genes upregulated in yeasts were found to encode proteins shown to be involved in methionine/cysteine metabolism, respiratory and metabolic processes (of sugars, amino acids, proteins and lipids), transporters (small peptides, sugars, ions and toxins), regulatory proteins and transcription factors. Berry, C. D., Stevens, D. A., Hassid, E. I., Pappagianis, D., Happs, E. L., Sahrakar, K. Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a vaccine against coccidioidomycosis. Transfusions given every other day did not improve protection. In this book, David Stevens explains how the principles of Participatory Business Planning may be applied to any business or public body, of any size and how they can turn adversity into prosperity and efficiency. These studies suggest GM-CSF treatment prior to and concurrent with steroid immunosuppression may ameliorate the steroid effect on tissue macrophage antifungal activity, but does not affect steroid suppression of T-cell immunity. Differences among mouse strains in susceptibility to C. albicans, as seen in previous studies involving nonvaginal challenge routes, are not reflected in this vaginal candidiasis model; in general, such resistance patterns appear specific to the route of challenge administration. A model of orogastric candidosis in SCID mice, which mimics disease seen in AIDS patients, was used to evaluate ravuconazole in comparison with fluconazole for treatment. He believes that we must harness the human mind, especially working in focused groups, as the greatest resource available in the development of businesses and projects. Stevens, D. A., Rendon, A., Gaona-Flores, V., Catanzaro, A., Anstead, G. M., Pedicone, L., Graybill, J. R. Production of IL-6, in contrast to other cytokines and chemokines, in macrophage innate immune responses: Effect of serum and fungal (Blastomyces) challenge. I continue to work on questions of religion and its place within modern democratic societies, as well as other questions on social justice and ethics, as well as within the field of the philosophy of eduction. See the Elon Musk family tree here at FameChain. Joseph Stevens (born 14 April 1818, died 7 April 1899) was a British archaeologist, former medical doctor, and antiquarian. The result of collectin binding to opportunistic fungal pathogens (Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Pneumocystis) or primary fungal pathogens (Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides, Histoplasma capsulatum, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis) on interaction with host defense cells relative to complement fixation, phagocytosis, and stimulation of cytokine/chemokine production is reviewed. HUSARI, A. W., Jensen, W. A., Kirsch, C. M., Campagna, A. C., Kagawa, F. T., Hamed, K. A., AZZI, R. L., Stevens, D. A. GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION OF PATHOGENIC SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE ISOLATES, CONTROL OF INVASIVE PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS WITH ORAL ITRACONAZOLE IN A BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANT PATIENT. The distributions among ethnic groups were not different, however they differed (p = 0.002) from global populations. It involves long hours, and often being away from home for days and weeks at a time. There is an important need for generation of consensus definitions of outcomes of IFD that will form a standard for evaluating treatment success and failure in clinical trials. My work has a clear pedagogy of embedded research and practice with postgraduate teacher training qualifications that developed educational models of reflexive learning . I write film reviews for a really. Qualifying in 1997, she left medicine after only 18 months, having met her future husband, field archaeologist David Stevens, at Cardiff University. A., Stevens, D. A. Orogastrointestinal model of mucosal and disseminated candidiasis. Single or multiple-day VRC dosing via IV or PO routes at differing dosages resulted in tissue concentrations that were below the HPLC assay's limit of detection (0.1 g VRC per g tissue). We have learned the protective moiety is in the cell wall, and proteins, glucan and lipid all seem important. I was Head of the School of Mathematics from 2010 to 2014 and also in 2017, and I was Associate Dean for Learning, Teaching and Quality for the Faculty of Science in 2015-2016 and 2018-2022. View details for Web of Science ID 000308446100052, View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3430342. A strain demonstrating paradoxical growth was grown in the presence and absence of caspofungin, and the cell wall content was analyzed. The bioassay had an overall positive bias (+23.5%) compared to the UPLC. Endothelial cell activation (ICAM-1 and P-selectin in cerebral capillaries) occurred during infection. No mice died after infection with 10(6) CFU of Y55 or YJM128. It was the aim of the present study to assess whether typing of the intergenic spacer region by using restriction fragment length polymorphisms of PCR products (intergenic transcribed spacer PCR [ITS-PCR] ribotyping) could distinguish among type strains of the 10 accepted species of Saccharomyces and further to assess if this method could distinguish strains that were interspecific hybrids. Mice were treated with liposomal-amphotericin B (AmBi; AmBisome), lipid-complexed amphotericin B (ABLC; Abelcet), voriconazole (VCZ), micafungin (MICA), caspofungin (CAS) or deoxycholate amphotericin B (AMBd) given alone or in combination. Stevens, D. A., Clemons, K. V., Levine, H. B., Pappagianis, D., Baron, E. J., Hamilton, J. R., Deresinski, S. C., Johnson, N. Genomic DNA microarray comparison of gene expression patterns in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis mycelia and yeasts in vitro. The pharmacokinetics for both conventional and intermittent dosing were linear. Like a superhero of the coiffe, she spends her days as a regular hair dresser, giving people layers and funky bobs. The laboratory is, in addition, a clinical reference laboratory for fungal and actinomycete susceptibility testing, and body fluid antifungal drug concentration determinations, for hospitals. > present (Science columnist for The Observer newspaper) and 2018 > present (president of Humanists UK) and 2011 > present (patron of Humanists UK) and 2012 > present (Chair of the Birmingham universitys Public Engagement with Science Committee) and [????] Coccidioidal meningitis is lethal in humans. Clemons, K. V., Espiritu, M., Parmar, R., Stevens, D. A. Temporal expression of inflammatory mediators in brain basilar artery vasculitis and cerebrospinal fluid of rabbits with coccidioidal meningitis. Isolates were genotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of genomic DNA after EcoR1 digestion. van Asbeck, E. C., Huang, Y., Markham, A. N., Clemons, K. V., Stevens, D. A. Genes related to ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation, and oxidative stress response genes were up-regulated by E(2).This study characterizes the effect of E(2) at the molecular level on the inhibition of the M-to-Y transition and is indicative that the inhibitory actions of E(2) may be working through signaling genes that regulate dimorphism. This persons work contributes towards the following SDG(s): Carpenter, L., Stevens, D., Jickells, T. & Wadley, M. Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science. Therapeutic and toxicologic studies in a murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, Microsatellite multilocus genotyping clarifies the relationship of Candida parapsilosis strains involved in a neonatal intensive care unit outbreak. Candida parapsilosis family has 3 proposed species: C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis. In our center, and unlike another fungal pathogen, no increase in resistance of Candida isolates of the CF cohort was found. These studies have made it possible to consider using cytokines, now available in abundant quantities via recombinant DNA technologies, to treat fungal infections. However, for high-risk patients, such as allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients (60%), persons with hematologic cancer (50%), and those with signs of neutropenia (60%) or malnutrition (30%), a positive culture result is associated with invasive disease. The first study evaluated in vivo release of ITZ from subcutaneously injected controlled-release gel formulations and the second study compared pharmacokinetic parameters for two ITZ oral suspensions. Male New Zealand White rabbits were infected with 5 x 10(4) Coccidioides posadasii arthroconidia by direct cisternal puncture. Work is still important to me, but I dont feel that it defines me in the way I certainly did before. Levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 within cerebrospinal fluid in a rabbit model of coccidioidal meningitis and vasculitis. nov.) in the patients and environment and 2 (H. hamiltonii sp. B Kemp, A Stevens, GR Dabbs, M Zabecki, JC Rose. DiSalvo, H., Haiduven, D., Johnson, N., Reyes, V. V., Hench, C. P., Shaw, R., Stevens, D. A. Inhibitor kappa B and nuclear factor kappa B in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor antagonism of dexamethasone suppression of the macrophage response to Aspergillus fumigatus conidia. > present (Patron of Twycross Zoo) and 2018 > present (member of the BHF Council) and 1988 > 1988 (winner: of the BBC1 Blue Peter Young Artists competition). Conidia of A. fumigatus in microtest plate wells formed germlings after overnight culture in RPMI 1640. David J. Stewart is Associate Professor with the Program of Maritime Studies, Department of History, East Carolina University; he is also Director of the North Carolina Vernacular Watercraft Recording Project. : Twenty-one cases of vertebral aspergillosis treated with itraconazole or voriconazole were identified. In 2 experiments with up to 70% mortality of neutropenic controls, transfusion of 10(7) PMNs 1 and 4 days after challenge had negligible effects on peripheral WBC counts but improved survival (P = 0.007, 0.02), decreased lung CFU (P = 0.03, 0.005), and cleared infection in 28 to 50% of survivors. I am an archeologist (UCL) and award-winning lecturer and researcher and have worked in archeological projects in Armenia, Europe and the UK and travelled extensively on academic research including Syria, Jordan, USA and Japan. The median duration of treatment was 173 days. of California, Davis). 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