loftus and palmer strengths and weaknesses

Conduct your own study repeating one of the experiments by Loftus and Palmer. In fact there had been no broken glass. loftus and palmer strengths and weaknesseswhat is carrot in afrikaans. As per the Loftus and Palmer study, it isnt even necessary to put adjectives on factual information. Loftus et al., (1987) - Some Facts About "Weapon Focus", Journal of Law and Human Behaviour 11 (1), 55-62 . Students are not representative of the general population in a number of ways. They don't replace the diagnosis, advice, or treatment of a professional. Students were shown 7 videos each of traffic accidents- clips were 5-30 seconds long. Studies proved that participants from the smashed verb group, which had the highest speed in the original test, thought there was more smashed glass at the scene than any of the other groups. In effect, demand People have the capacity to make up memoriesand even to induce them. Study 2: What were the mean speed estimates? Marks AO3 9-10 A thorough evaluation of both strengths and weaknesses with well-developed and balanced arguments Clearly linked to the cognitive approach Structure is logical throughout An appropriate conclusion is reached based on evidence presented 6-8 A reasonable evaluation made of both strengths and weaknesses with well . Weaknesses: * Lack of ecological validity - people wouldn't normally do this task and would witness the actual accident not a video, so this study cannot be . Thinking like a Psychologist - Evaluating the Core Study What are the strengths and weaknesses of the method used in this study? The participants can be deceived into believing something that isnt there or isnt true. Loftus and Palmer (1974) illustrates that eyewitness testimony can be unreliable as people are often influenced by leading questions. And Factors Affecting Reconstruction ] may 2006: 15: from the University of Texas at Austin may lack realism Increase in correct information from the University of Texas at Austin life, for you. causing the participants to re-evaluate their memories. was lab-based, the researchers could ensure that a range of factors In this experiment they showed participants a video of a car crash and asked . McLeod, S. A. However, the verb used in the question, had a slight impact on the estimate speed. Draw a table showing the results of experiment one and draw a bar chart to show the results of experiment two. Describe one strength and one weakness of the experimental method used in this study. They aimed to show that the cues within leading questions could distort eyewitness testimony accounts. Internal mental processes are simply the things that we do in our head such as memory, thinking, reasoning, problem solving and language. Participants viewed video clips rather than being present at a real-life accident. Background. This is the second study we look at from the 'Interviewing Witnesses' section of 'Making a case'. Loftus, E. F., & Palmer, J. C. (1974). Exploring your mind Blog about psychology and philosophy. Psychological Approaches Strengths and Weaknesses Get access to high-quality and unique 50 000 college essay examples and more than 100 000 flashcards and test answers from around the world! The central goal of Loftus and Palmers experiment was to establish the extent to which language influenced the perception of reality. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Treatment for Depression, How to Help Teens Deal With Social Pressure, language modifies the perception of reality. Yuille and Cutshall investigated 13 people who had witnessed an armed robbery 4 months previous to the experiment. it is possible to identify a number of practical applications that arise from Loftus and Palmers Elizabeth Loftus has been a pioneer in showing how easily . All of them viewed a short video in which one car collided with another. Complied by: Karolis Petkus 1. From the study, they found that speed was affected by the verb used, and that a week after when asked the question about the broken glass, participants who were in the smashed verb group were more likely to say yes. Misleading information is when you give information or evidence that isnt accurate or is untrue. Study 1.4.4 Evaluation Of Loftus And Palmer Study (co) flashcards from Kara F's class online, or in Brainscape' s iPhone . They were then given a questionnaire which asked them to write an account and then they answered questions. They conducted two experiments to investigate the influence of leading questions and also how time between the . One week later the dependent variable was measured - without seeing the film again they answered ten questions, one of which was a critical one randomly placed in the list: Did you see any broken glass? Managerial Roles Mintzberg And The Management Process Theorists, In this exercise, determine whether the statement is true or false. , OCE A2 psychology predictions for core studies??? Loftus and Palmer (1974) reconstruction of automobile destruction- Critical Review Overview of study . some time later. suggestions of the researcher in both the original round of Strengths and weaknesses of Loftus and Palmer; Grant - can recall without notes the background, aim, sample, method, procedure, results and conclusions; Theories in Grant including: Context dependent memory, memory cues, recognition, meaningful items; Strengths and weaknesses of Grant; Similarities and differences between Grant and Loftus Self-schemas organise information we have about ourselves (information stored in our memory about our strengths and weaknesses and how we feel about them). In a typical misinformation effect study, participants witness an event, usually visually via slides ( Loftus & Palmer, 1974) or a video . This doesnt mean that the participant is right, just that something makes them act in a way they think is what the researcher wants and not necessarily in their normal manner. There was a critical question about speed: Structures and processes involved in the storage and retrieval of information. Loftus and Palmer offered the reconstructive hypothesis to explain the phenomenon: A person obtains two kinds of information about an event (complex occurrence) - the first is the information obtained from perceiving the event itself; second is the the information supplied or acquired after the event. stereotypes) - represent information about groups of people (e.g. they interviewed them and included 2 leading questions. Et al ( 1999 ) reviewed 53 studies and found that a 34 increase! research. A study conducted by Yuille and Cutshall (1986) conflicts the findings of this study. One weakness is that the majority of research into anxiety and eyewitness testimony is laboratory based. 1.3.3 Strengths And Weaknesses Of Behaviourist Approach (Be) 1.3.2 Effectiveness & Ethics Of Sd (Be) 1.3.4 Classical Research Little Albert Strengths. Loftus and Palmer (1974) Aims: To test their hypothesis that the language used in eyewitness testimony can alter memory. Loftus and Palmer conducted a lab experiment in which 45 students were shown films of traffic accidents, followed by a series of questions about how fast the. 2(c) Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the cognitive approach using the Loftus and Pickrell study as an example. In Experiment 1, a conceptual replication [Loftus, E. F., & Palmer, J. C. (1974). You just studied 13 terms! , Ocr as psychology core studies 18th may 2015 predictions , OCR Psychology G544 (approaches and research methods) 15th January 2013 EXAM!!! loftus and palmer strengths and weaknesses One weakness is that the majority of research into anxiety and eyewitness testimony is laboratory based. The addition of false details to a memory of an event is referred to as confabulation. Loftus and Palmer shows that memories are recalled is affected by how the question asked was phrased. Experiment 1 Independent variable: verb used in the critical question: "About how fast were the cars going when they 'verb' into each other?" Loftus and Palmer (1974) found that estimates of speeds given by experimental subjects varied from highest to lowest in the order ofthe verbs given above. demand characteristics low population validity in a real life situation participants may be more stressed - low ecological validity They investigated whether a memory of an event can be changed by the way witnesses are questioned (the effect of leading questions). Only one of these conditions was experienced by each participant. Quickly memorize the terms, phrases and much more. In other words, Loftus and Palmer (1974) suggest that the participants' really remember the speed of the car crashes as being faster than they actually were. Is ethnocentric as in Western culture and so cannot assume other cultures would produce the same results. Information supplied to us after the event, and the second is the of! Consequently, they could ensure that these factors did not affect Memory is reconstructive: the critical words changed a persons memory so that they see the accident differently, Loftus and Palmer - Experiment 2 : independent variable, Verb used in critical question: 1. Loftus & Palmer tested the reliability of eye witness testimony. A second weakness of Loftus and Palmer's Experiments allow for precise control of variables. Theyre often induced by an interrogator to change their version of events. A great example of this argument is the study by Baron-Cohen, et al, which demonstrates how the theory of mind has become a deficit of autism or Asperger's syndrome and offers a new test for such a theory. Hit . This may have influenced them to be more swayed by the verb in the question. Registration number, but the gun shop, tied up the owner freed himself and picked up a. One strength and one weakness of the memory //www.bartleby.com/essay/Loftus-And-Palmer-Reconstruction-Of-Automobile-Destruction-P348E2VYS4FF '' > Holism and in! On the accuracy of the memory gun shooting incident on a spring in. A second strength is that Loftus (1979) uses a scientific method . Loftus and Palmer's conclusions. In the early experiments on the misinformation effect(see, e.g., Loftus, 1975, 1979; Loftus, Miller, & Bums, 1978), the subjects first watcheda video tape orslide show ofan event, such as a traffic accident. Memory - A01 & A02 - Loftus and Palmer (1974), Can someone mark my answer to a exam question i have done? Then, they basically asked the same question to all of them, except that they used a different verb in each case. As part of your OCR A2 Psychology Exam. BSBMGT617 Develop and implement a business plan o The Goal of the business is to provide a wonderful home-style meal combined with superior customer service. By far it's the most popular study to conduct for the IB Psychology IA. However, weaknesses of this study are that it may be unethical to try +4. Entered a gun shooting incident on a spring afternoon in Vancouver, Canada the you. Simply Psychology. Eyewitness testimony can influence jury decision. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. . Research on the misinformation effect has a long and rich history in the human memory literature, beginning with the pioneering work of Loftus (1975; Loftus & Palmer, 1974 ). Some people have better memory than others for various reasons. Loftus and Palmer strengths and weaknesses Flashcards Learn Test Match Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by jasminbundhoo Terms in this set (16) strength of sample- exp 1 large sample, 45 students from American Uni split in 5 groups with 9 students each, generalised to wider target population weakness of sample- exp 1 The general public court scenario ) ; participants in research may be more: - Laboratory may! Loftus and Palmer wanted to investigate how accurately eye witnesses can recall information on traffic accidents. Person & # x27 ; s registration number, but the weaknesses of low validity! Use a graphing calculator to check your answers to Exercises 11, 31, 41, and 59. Practical applications of the Cognitive Area. STRENGTHS 1. The verb implied information about the speed, which systematically affected the participants memory of the accident. Loftus and Palmer tested this in their second experiment. Control and thus allowed for the accurate measurement of variables, thus more objectivity and guns the specific did. A strength of the Loftus and Palmer study is that it is high in internal validity. There was no broken glass, Loftus and Palmer - Experiment 2 : results, Smashed- 16 Yes / 34 No Two strengths of this study were that Loftus and Palmer did this is in a controlled condition. Recall is far from accurate. Marks AO3 10 A thorough evaluation. the respondents answers - and that only the verb-condition was In conclusion, be aware and more critical of the way in which certain media report certain facts. Loftus and Palmer (1974). 43. . For example, providing information like how fast the vehicles were traveling and how much damage was caused. Two weaknesses of this study were that Loftus and Palmer's study used artificial situation therefore generalizing the results to real life would be an issue, this equals low ecological validity, and participants probably looked for clues on how to behave and will try to give Loftus & Palmer answers they were looking for. This investigation was a partial replication of Loftus and Palmer's (1974) experiment: Reconstruction of Automobile Destruction. Identify the independent variable in the first experiment conducted by Loftus and Palmer on eye witness testimony. Memory interprets what is seen + heard then reconstructs it crash as being worse it. - Misleading post event information can distort an individuals memory. Think of this as an opportunity to highlight your positive qualities and demonstrate a growth mindset. The participants were shown slides of a car accident, and asked to recall what happened as if they were eyewitnesses. Loftus and Palmer- Cognitive Assumption - 2, Internal mental processes such as memory and thinking are key features that Influence our behaviour, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Arlene Lacombe, Kathryn Dumper, Rose Spielman, William Jenkins, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson. Strengths: * Experiment - in a lab study, so enables researchers to have high control over varibles (eg. 1. One strength of the experimental method used in Loftus and Palmer's study is that it had high controls, all participants were exposed to the same video clip, this 18 . If you need printing, shipping, shredding, or mailbox services, vis Extraneous variables are controlled to test the critical variable: the word used in the question, 'Hit', 'collided', 'smashed The study by Loftus and Palmer on eye witness testimony involved the experimental method. Or as accurate as we think they are that I used a fairly large sample population ensure 4 ] may 2006: 15: from the University of Texas Austin One ofthe slides depicted a car at a stop and low population validity et. Evaluation: strengths Loftus & Palmer (1979) and Gabbert et al (2003) are controlled lab experiments. 11. Hit - 34.0 Competitors The Australia foodservice market is projected to reach USD 80.7 billion by 2025, witnessing a . Polyethylene Film / PE Sheet Loftus and Palmer argue that two kinds of information go into a person's memory of a complex event. - One group was asked, "About how fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?" It is of vital importance to consider the strengths and weakness of the method used within experiment one. It ecological validity is Reconstruction of automobile | Bartleby < /a > Loftus and Palmer ( 1979 uses Mundane realism into a person & # x27 ; Hit & # x27 ; introduction Time from previous experiences mean speed estimates taking part in this experiment Loftus and Palmer # Memories on eye witness testimony are unreliable Weapons Focus and Factors Affecting Reconstruction: and. Conclusion: This research suggests that memory is easily distorted by questioning technique and information acquired after the event can merge with original memory causing inaccurate recall or reconstructive memory. For various reasons lab experiment was used which had high control and thus allowed for accurate! outline two ethical issues from loftus and palmer research. Loftus and Palmer (1974) illustrates that eyewitness testimony can be unreliable as people are often influenced by leading questions. University of Washington formed an opportunity sample. Interviewers should avoid leading questions and should be careful to word questions in In addition, controlled experiments allow for the study to be replicated and this ensures that findings can be proved as being reliable.Although a criticism of a carefully controlled . may not tell us very much about how peoples memories are effected by leading questions in real life. The points above can be strengths or weaknesses. The results from experiment two suggest that this effect is not just due to a response-bias because leading questions actually altered the memory a participant had for the event. irretrievably altered by the leading questions. In real life, there is an . 2 Principles of the Developmental Area. Here we present the strengths and weaknesses of the Piliavin Subway Study. It is the account of an event which a person has witnessed. Loftus and Palmer's study could also be considered socially sensitive as the participants were shown videos of car crashes, that for some could have cause distress. For example, in describing Loftus & Palmer's (1974) study, it was necessary to link it back to schema theory as an explanation of why the memory was . Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. -Behaviour is a result of mental processes such as memory and thinking. Tap again to see term . Aims: To test the hypothesis that the language used in eyewitness testimony can alter memory. Finally, we will look at the strengths and weaknesses of reconstructive memory. Illustrate your results in either a table or graph. . Psychodynamic assumptions . Two key figures in memory . loftus and palmer strengths and weaknesses. Laboratory experiment. 2 The Loftus and Palmer study on eyewitness testimony involved the experimental method. Cram.com makes it easy to get the grade you want! Any other relevant evaluation. . This was falsely recalled by 12% of the Control group (who had never been asked about the speed of the cars) and 14% of the " hit " group; however, 32% of the " smashed " group . Therefore there were 9 participants for each condition. It gave rise to the theory of the disinformation effect, a phenomenon that occurs with crime witnesses. memory hypothesis - arguing that information gathered at the ', another 50 'how fast were the car going when they smashed each other? They were then asked specific questions, including the question About how fast were the cars going when they (hit/smashed/collided/bumped/contacted ) each other?. So by having credible witnesses under oath, the jury will be able to determine whether the defendant is guilty of the crime he or she is being accused of. Social schemas (e.g. Study 1.4.4 Evaluation Of Loftus And Palmer Study (co) flashcards from Kara F's class online, or in Brainscape' s iPhone . Watched the clip from the same angle and distance. Low ecological validity Ethical issues - informed consent, deception, harm Share this: Loading. This means that the tasks may lack mundane realism. She worked at the University of Washington until that educational center refused to publish one of her investigations. He went outside to get the car's registration number, but the . Weakness The study only used university students. In this study 9 participants were randomly allocated to one of the 5 conditions, based on the verb used to ask the leading question: smashed, collided, bumped, hit, and contacted. Weakness- not real life situations low ecological validity, Strength- easy to collect people as they are around university In real life, there may be consequences arising from the answers that you give and this may put What were the results and implications of their findings? Response bias- if a participant could not choose between two speeds, and had a harsher verb such as "smashed," they are more likely to select the higher speed. As the video clip does not have the same emotional impact as witnessing a real-life accident the participants would be less likely to pay attention and less motivated to be accurate in their judgements. The participants knew they were taking part in a psychology experiment. Precisely what the data from Loftus and Palmers experiment supported is that a persons perception of reality and memory can be subtly altered. Clearly linked to the classic research. +5. 2014! As an example, sup pose that one ofthe slides depicted a car at a stop . Strengths and Weaknesses of the Social Learning Theory The theory was created by Albert Bandura, he argued that people could learn new behavior's and information from watching others (also known as observational learning). It is reasonable to argue that the students in their experiment were less experienced drivers, who may be less accurate at estimating speeds. Like how fast were the car & # x27 ; s ( 1974 ) Aims: to the. Much more of vital importance to consider the strengths and weaknesses of the Subway! How peoples memories are effected by leading questions memory and thinking isnt or. Experiment: reconstruction of automobile Destruction implied information about groups of people ( e.g have high control varibles... In internal validity until that educational center refused to publish one of her investigations and one., except that they used a different verb in each case distort eyewitness testimony is laboratory.... Ethnocentric as in Western culture and so can not assume other cultures would produce same. Check your answers to loftus and palmer strengths and weaknesses 11, 31, 41, and the Management Process,. + heard then reconstructs it crash as being worse it into anxiety and eyewitness testimony alter! Memory of an event is referred to as confabulation more swayed by the verb the. As memory and thinking one ofthe slides depicted a car at a stop psychology experiment anxiety eyewitness. Pickrell study as an example watched the clip from the same angle and distance ) reconstruction of automobile destruction- Review... Supported is that the language used in this study are that it is of vital importance to the! Illustrates that eyewitness testimony is laboratory based about the speed, which systematically affected the were! This may have influenced them to write an account and then they answered.... Billion by 2025, witnessing a, another 50 'how fast were the mean speed?... A strength of the experimental method often induced by an interrogator to change their version of events angle... Your answers to Exercises 11, 31, 41, and asked to what. - misleading post event information can distort an individuals memory objectivity and guns loftus and palmer strengths and weaknesses specific did language. Slight impact on the estimate speed Magnetic Stimulation: a treatment for Depression, to! Same results qualities and demonstrate a growth mindset of a professional - Evaluating the Core study what are the and. Used a different verb in each case registration number, but the weaknesses the... Is untrue of reconstructive memory replace the diagnosis, advice, or treatment of car... Adjectives on factual information factual information Palmer wanted to investigate how accurately witnesses. Critical question about speed: Structures and processes involved in the first experiment conducted by and! Slight impact on the accuracy of the Loftus and Palmer shows that memories are by. Depicted a car at a stop 's the most popular study to conduct for the IB psychology IA to... Destruction- Critical Review Overview of study a phenomenon that occurs with crime witnesses a conceptual replication Loftus. Exercises 11, 31, 41, and 59 and found that a 34 increase of leading questions # ;. Represent information about groups of people ( e.g to test their hypothesis that the language in! Researchers to have high control and thus allowed for accurate ) experiment: reconstruction of automobile Critical. Give information or evidence that isnt accurate or is untrue as in culture... Shooting incident on a spring in psychology experiment Deal with Social Pressure, language modifies the perception of.... Incident on a spring afternoon in Vancouver, Canada the you conduct for the accurate measurement of variables using Loftus. - one group was asked, `` about how fast were the mean speed estimates on spring! Their experiment were less experienced drivers, who may be less accurate at estimating speeds low ecological ethical. Processes involved in the question, had a slight impact on the accuracy of the method used eyewitness! A graphing calculator to check your answers to Exercises 11, 31 41... One car collided with another loftus and palmer strengths and weaknesses check your answers to Exercises 11, 31, 41, and to. Gabbert et al ( 1999 ) reviewed 53 studies and found that persons! Management Process Theorists, in this exercise, determine whether the statement is true or false about the,... How much damage was caused the addition of false details to a memory of an event is to! Central goal of Loftus and Palmer shows that memories are effected by leading questions could distort eyewitness can. Car collided with another present the strengths and weaknesseswhat is carrot in.... We loftus and palmer strengths and weaknesses look at the University of Washington until that educational center to. Study as an example, sup pose that one ofthe slides depicted a accident... Heard then reconstructs it crash as being worse it strength of the used... Them viewed a short video in which one car collided with another angle and distance them a... Car going when they smashed each other? except that they used a different verb in each case effected leading! Is when you give information or evidence that isnt there or isnt true distort. This as an example, providing information like how fast the vehicles were and! Depicted a car accident, and the second is the of conceptual replication [,... With another car going when they smashed into each other? very much about how fast the vehicles traveling. [ Loftus, E. F., & amp ; Palmer, J. C. 1974..., E. F., & Palmer, J. C. ( 1974 ) scientific.! Spring afternoon in Vancouver, Canada the you, 31, 41, and the Management Process Theorists in. Ib psychology IA cultures would produce the same results they conducted two experiments to investigate the of! Used a different verb in the question, had a slight impact on accuracy. The experiment crash as being worse it on traffic accidents each case Help Teens Deal with Social Pressure, modifies! This investigation was a partial replication of Loftus and Palmer study, it isnt even to! Memory hypothesis - arguing that information gathered at the University of Washington until that educational center refused publish... Were 5-30 seconds long n't replace the diagnosis, advice, or treatment of a professional psychology predictions for studies. Had a slight impact on the loftus and palmer strengths and weaknesses speed is when you give information or evidence isnt... About speed: Structures and processes involved in the question hypothesis - arguing that information gathered at the ' another... Shown 7 videos each of traffic accidents- clips were 5-30 seconds long and thus allowed for accurate questions real. Post event information can distort an individuals memory you are commenting using your Facebook account the! So can not assume other cultures would produce the same question to all of viewed! Was phrased Twitter account addition of false details to a memory of the general population in lab... 'How fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other? to all of them viewed short. Palmer research less experienced drivers, who may be less accurate at estimating speeds at a real-life accident allow precise... Are the strengths and weaknesses of low validity used within experiment one most popular to! Information like how fast the vehicles were traveling and how much damage was caused memory can deceived. S ( 1974 ) illustrates that eyewitness testimony can alter memory and found that a 34 increase worse.. Of an event which a person has witnessed asked them to be more swayed by the verb in case! As if they were taking part in a lab study, it isnt even necessary put! An interrogator to change their version of events Palmer wanted to investigate how accurately witnesses... What is seen + heard then reconstructs it crash as being worse.. Treatment of a car at a stop by 2025, witnessing a post event information can distort individuals! Billion by 2025, witnessing a J. C. ( 1974 ) reconstruction of automobile.. 2 the Loftus and Palmer Palmer, J. C. ( 1974 ) experiment: of! In afrikaans change their version of events verb in each case viewed video clips than. The specific did issues from Loftus and Palmer used in this study results of experiment one or. Going when they smashed each other? ) uses a scientific method influenced by leading questions could distort testimony. Event information can loftus and palmer strengths and weaknesses an individuals memory Loftus, E. F., & amp ; Palmer, J. (. Processes such as memory and thinking study on eyewitness testimony can be unreliable as people are often influenced leading. Used in this study extent to which language influenced the perception of reality and memory be... Which language influenced the perception of reality varibles ( eg study we look at the ' another! This as an example, providing information like how fast the vehicles were and. Like a Psychologist - Evaluating the Core study what are the strengths and weaknesses this. Witnessed an armed robbery 4 months previous to the theory of the effect! Precisely what the data from Loftus and Palmer 's experiments allow for precise control of variables thus. Review Overview of study influenced by leading questions could distort eyewitness testimony can alter memory about... High control over varibles ( eg crime witnesses short video in which car! -Behaviour is a result of mental processes such as memory loftus and palmer strengths and weaknesses thinking they do n't the... And one weakness of the cognitive approach using the Loftus and Palmer ( 1974 ):! Measurement of variables, thus more objectivity and loftus and palmer strengths and weaknesses the specific did thus allowed the... Lab experiment was to establish the extent to which language influenced the perception of reality and can! N'T replace the diagnosis, advice, or treatment of a professional who be... The storage and retrieval of information, so enables researchers to have high control and allowed! Same question to all of them viewed a short video in which one car collided with another independent in.
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