coffee shop worker earn? a plan of how to get from number one to number two. Fluctuations in political beliefs that can occur as a result of life events that commonly occur at particular points in a typical lifespan. Roots and Reform 2016e Ch7. Who were the largest landowners in France prior to the French Revolution of the 19th century? The poll assumes that respondents have adequate knowledge of United States foreign policy. They also believe that schools should be funded at the state and local levels, not at the federal level, so answer (C) is incorrect. The fourth-largest party in the United States. Words: 971. Hereditary monarchy and loyalty to a ruler were rejected, and people went from being subjects of the crown to citizens of a nation. As a result of the French Revolution, the Catholic Monarchy was abolished and many church-owned lands were transferred to the state. The process by which a person develops political values and beliefs, including through interactions with family, friends, school, religious and civic groups, and the media. Performed on Election Day, these surveys are taken as voters enter their voting location. Privacy Policy When analyzing the stimulus, carefully note relevant details. AP Gov: MPA1 (EU), MPA2 (EU), PMI4 (EU) AP/College US Government and Politics. one of the two main political parties in the United States; founded in 1854 by anti-slavery activists, the _______ Party's platform has also transformed over the years to address issues of concern to its constituents; today, the core values of the ________ Party align with conservative ideology, _________ tend to support legislation that emphasizes the needs of communities over the rights of the individual; they are likely to be economically liberal, but socially conservative, the fourth largest party in the United States; founded in 2001, the _______ Party favors a strong federal government; ________ Party candidates often run on a platform of grassroots democracy, nonviolence, social justice, and environmentalism, the third largest party in the United States; founded in 1971 by people who felt that the Republican and Democratic parties no longer represented the intentions of the founders; _________ favor limited government intervention in personal, social, and economic issues, ____________ tend to promote the interests of their nation, and often believe in the superiority of their nation over others, government decisions about how to influence the economy by taxing and spending, government decision about how to influence the economy using control of the money supply and interest rates, Also called "The Fed." Democratic and civic habits of discussion, compromise, and respect for differences, which grow out of participation in voluntary organizations. The growth of an interconnected world economy and culture, fueled by lowered trade barriers between nations and advances in communications technology. Americans believe in the rule of law: the idea that government is based on a body of law, agreed on by the governed, that is applied equally and justly. The beliefs and ideas that help to shape political opinion and policy. Nation-states connect national identity with statehood. Who is widely regarded as the father of liberal nationalism? View Notes - political ideology AP GOV from GOVERNMENT AP Governm at Pike County High School. This prompt will begin with a stimulus that is a short paragraph or two describing a political scenario. Exit polls are most reliable because voters are asked who they voted for immediately after they leave the polling place. Classical ideologies are ideologies that were developed prior to or in the midst of the emerging industrial revolution. Anarchism, nationalism, ecologism, feminism, multiculturalism, and political theology are other important ideologies to know for your political studies. What is the equation to explain altruism in blood-related groups? The belief in the right to compete freely in a market government by supply and demand with limited government involvement. Political ideologies are a system of beliefs about politics. \end{array} & \begin{array}{c} The belief that each person should have the same opportunities to advance in society. Slightly more seniors agree than disagreed with the statement, which eliminates answer (C). The results from a sample won't exactly represent a population. web american political ideologies and beliefs 0 1000 Conservatism rejected the rapidly increasing changes that were occurring in the French society, for example, the rejection of hereditary monarchies. The Democratic Party is the more liberal of the two major parties and tends to emphasize civil rights and the role of government in improving the lives of the American people. Congressmen need to win re-election, so cutting benefits to active voters is dangerous. Personal freedoms that the government cannot abridge, particularly those guarantees found in the Bill of Rights. The response for Part C effectively explains by discussing multiple reasons why the Electoral College is the way it is, including both how the system puts third-party candidates at a disadvantage and why the system is still practical. An independent federal agency that determines US monetary policy with the goal of stabilizing the banking system and promoting economic growth. Each political ideology can be divided into other ideologies. communism, political and economic doctrine that aims to replace private property and a profit-based economy with public ownership and communal control of at least the major means of production (e.g., mines, mills, and factories) and the natural resources of a society. . Which of these parties hold liberal nationalist ideals? You have not finished your quiz. Half the states along the Mexican border (D) are not neutral, as California votes Democratic, and Texas votes Republican. None of the employees resigned or were discharged during the year, and there were no changes in salary rates. The question is not about presidential elections, so answers (A) and (B) are irrelevant. Definition of political ideology is NOT the "party platform" but rather the guiding principles that inform the party platform. Ideology means the science of ideas. The predicted difference between the average opinion expressed by survey respondents and the average opinion in the population; also called the margin of error. Generally, the Democratic Party is more liberal, and the Republican Party is more conservative. Nationalists tend to promote the interests of their nation, and often believe in the superiority of their nation over others. Upload unlimited documents and save them online. Politicians use polls to make decisions about which policies to support and how to utilize their campaign resources. Consistency over a wide range of issues is the hallmark of a political ideology. A relatively small number of respondents who accurately reflect the variety of opinions, demographics, etc. Deep South states support a strong national government. Democrats and Republicans have worked out their differences by partially privatizing Social Security. \text { Wells } & \text { May 1 } & 10,500 & 2,359 COVID-19 Updates The beliefs and ideas that help to shape political opinion and policy. Democrats (also known as liberals or progressives) are on the left side of the political spectrum while Republicans (also known as conservatives) are on the right. Social Security payments are guaranteed by laws, but laws can be changed. Conservatives call to maintain tradition, underpinned by a belief in human imperfection and attempts to uphold what they view as the organic structure of society. Best study tips and tricks for your exams. Tea Partiers agreed with the statement 55 percent of the time, compared to the 54 percent average, so answer (D) is also incorrect. Concept Application questions often build on each other, asking you to use your response for one part to answer another part. Why are political ideologies important? experiences shared by a group of people who came of age together (generational cohorts, such as baby boomers or millennials) that affect their political attitudes; wars and economic recessions that hit one generation particularly hard have lasting effects on the political attitudes of that generation as its members progress through life, changes over the course of an individual's lifetime, which affect their political attitudes and participation; as individuals develop from young people to adults to senior citizens, their concerns and values change, major events and social trends that affect the political attitudes of the entire population; for example, the terrorist attacks on September 11 and the Watergate scandal had lasting effects on the political attitudes of those who lived through them. In 1964, British scientist William Hamilton developed an equation to explain these altruistic actions in blood-related groups. For instance, you could be asked how different branches of government might respond to the scenario, or how a conservative or liberal viewpoint might impact someones support of or opposition to the scenario. In the U.S there are many different cultures and backgrounds, which contributes to a high variety of perspectives. An independent federal agency that determines US monetary policy with the goal of stabilizing the banking system and promoting economic growth. Whats on the AP US Government & Politics Exam? political platform: a set of beliefs, goals, and positions on key political issues that a political party or candidate is running on. Regulatory actions taken by a government in order to affect or interfere with decisions made by individuals, groups, or organizations regarding social and economic matters. A poll taken by sampling a small section of the public in an effort to predict election results or to estimate public attitudes on issues. Partner Solutions A survey of ten people is unlikely to turn up results consistent with the preferences of the entire population of the United States. Social Security payments are guaranteed by laws that cannot be changed. \text { Tolbert } & \text { Nov. 16 } & 3,250 & 446 \\ The supply side economic theory holds that the best way to improve economic growth is by lowering taxes and decreasing regulation. Political culture An overall set of values widely shared within a society Political ideology A coherent set of beliefs about politics, public policy, and public purpose/Helps give meaning to political events, polices, and personalities Once you are finished, click the button below. http://wpapp.kaptest.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/kaplan_logo_purple_726-4.png, AP US Government and Politics: American Political Ideologies and Beliefs Notes. The belief that each person should have an equal chance at success and that no person should be limited by circumstances outside of her control. government click the card to flip definition 1 363 make economic decisions promote general welfare click the card to flip flashcards learn test match created by . Therefore, answer (A) may be eliminated. The smaller the sample size, the larger the margin of error. The threats to the earth include global warming, climate change, the loss of biodiversity, deforestation, and waste. A number of characteristics can influence the validity of a poll and lead to more reliable results. How much does a Create and find flashcards in record time. The role of political ideologies is to establish a set of ideas that can be used to provide the foundation of political organisation. In what ways was the rule of the Shah of Iran anti-clerical? Sentences: Although Part A requires only identification, the writer still uses a paragraph for the response, adding just a little explanation to justify his or her classifications of the party planks. Compare and discuss the two companies on the basis of how they finance their operations. socioeconomic characteristics of a population, including age, race, gender, religion, marital status, occupation, education level, and more. Which revolution is often associated with the beginnings of modern anti-clericalism. AP Gov Unit 4: American Political Ideologies, Public Opinion, Participation, and Voting - A, Christina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole, Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition, George C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry. in the broader population. The values that influence individuals' attitudes and beliefs about the relationship between citizens and the federal government. The western world has embraced liberalism as the ruling ideology and the majority of political parties in Britain and the US hold at least some of its principles. Chapter 04 - American Political Culture. Unit: American political ideologies and beliefs, American attitudes about government and politics, American attitudes about government and politics: lesson overview, Generational and lifecycle effects on political ideology, Influence of political events on ideology, Level up on the above skills and collect up to 320 Mastery points, Measuring public opinion: lesson overview, Why policy decisions may not reflect perceived public opinion, Evaluating public opinion data: lesson summary, Level up on the above skills and collect up to 160 Mastery points, Ideologies of political parties in the United States, Ideologies of political parties: lesson overview, Ideology and policymaking: lesson overview, Ideology and economic policy: lesson overview, Ideology and social policy: lesson overview. An idealised interpretation of society. the definition of liberalism has changed over time, but modern-day liberals tend to believe that government should intervene in the economy and provide a broad range of social services to ensure well-being and equality across society; Liberals usually believe that the government should not regulate private sexual or social behaviors, and are said to fall on the "left wing" of the axis of political beliefsa convention that dates from the place where supporters of the revolution sat in assembly during the French Revolution. Political Ideology Civil Liberties vs Civil Rights 17th Amendment 2nd Amendment 3rd Amendment 4th Amendment Bostock v Clayton County District of Columbia v. Heller Double Jeopardy Engel v Vitale Establishment Clause First Amendment Flag Protection Act of 1989 Free Exercise Clause Freedom of Religion Freedom of Speech Freedom of the Press Gideon v. conservative: a political ideology characterized by support for limited government intervention in social and economic affairs, a belief in individual responsibility, and a preference for traditional social values. Other public opinion polls show that seniors are overwhelmingly in favor of redistribution of wealth. Subject. a political and economic system in which, in theory, government promotes common ownership of all property, means of production, and materials to prevent the exploitation of workers while creating an equal society; in practice, most communist governments have used force to maintain control. Liberal internationalism is the concept that in order to prevent international war, sovereign states should cooperate and create interdependencies. This is called sampling error, and the likely size of the error is called the margin of error. Exploring the role and history of political theology can help us to understand phenomena such as the emergence of secularism or the rise in religious fundamentalism in the modern day. Image from the 1970s women's liberation march, Library of Congress, Wikimedia Commons. In political science, it is widely accepted that the three main political ideologies are conservatism, liberalism, and socialism. Its 100% free. liberal: a political ideology characterized by support for a strong role for government in addressing social and economic issues, as well as a belief in individual rights and freedoms. Today, scholars generally talk about five major political ideologies: Anarchism Absolutism Liberalism Conservatism Socialism These political ideologies are, for the most part, mutually exclusive. An ideology that cherishes individual liberty and insists on minimal government, promoting a free market economy, a noninterventionist foreign policy, and an absence of regulation in moral, economic, and social life. AP US Government and Politics: Civil Liberties and Civil Rights Notes, AP US Government and Politics: Political Participation Notes. After reading the scenario, respond to Parts A, B, and C. Why is altruism important for the anarchist rejection of the state? 25. An idealised interpretation of society. Most Americans have very little knowledge of foreign policy, but 91 percent of respondents still expressed an opinion. Liberals typically believe that government is necessary to protect individuals from being harmed by others, but they also recognize that government itself can pose a threat to liberty. Salaries were paid to employees on the last day of each month, and social security tax, Medicare tax, and federal income tax were withheld in the required amounts. Term. \textbf { Employed } Founded in 2001, the Green Party favors a strong federal government. How are the people viewed in socialist theory? \textbf { Employee } & \begin{array}{c} The ability of individual people and businesses to make money with minimal interference by the government. Socialism is a political ideology that has historically opposed capitalism. Widespread agreement on fundamental principles of democratic governance and the values that undergird them. The correct answer is (A). An economic system characterized by private property, competitive markets, economic incentives, and limited government involvement in the production, distribution, and pricing of goods and services. Sign up to highlight and take notes. Political theology seeks to describe the ways in which religion plays a role in the political sphere. Deep South have a history or racial problems. The core ideas of socialism are collectivism, common humanity, equality, workers control, and social classes. Earn points, unlock badges and level up while studying. The correct answer is (C). These characteristics influence how individuals tend to vote and whether they identify with a political party. An action plan on how to create a society that reflects the needs and wants of all its citizens. \end{array} welfare: a range of government programs designed to provide financial support to individuals and families in need. Discuss. (This is its first and only purchase of such securities.) \end{array} \\ How people feel about issues, candidates, and public officials. The correct answer is (B). The difference between Democrats and Republicans was about 8.5 percent in 1974. quizlet ap us government politics content review 5 0 4 . -tends to grow out of economic, educational, and social conditions or experiences. The combined set of political attitudes held by individuals within the same culture. An individual's sense of loyalty to a specific political party. What is ideology give an example? The correct answer is (B). Hanifa Hotelwala Schuelter AP Government 12 June 2014 Political Ideology Which political ideology To be useful, polls must be reliable. communism. No, the only power is for the government and everyone else is therefore seen as equal. This threat to the earth is what has placed ecologism at the forefront of twenty-first-century politics. A political system in which there are restrictions placed on the government to protect individual rights and liberties. Medicaid: a government-funded health insurance program for individuals and families with low incomes in the United States. The state is seen as an example of a hierarchical system in which those who govern are at the top and therefore exert their power and influence over the governed. Prepare the December 31, 2011, year-end adjusting entry for the trading securities portfolio. The emergence of multiculturalism has been strengthened by the trend towards international migration since the end of the Second World War, colonialism, and the collapse of communism. \end{array} & \begin{array}{c} Essentially. If a poll reports that 58% of Americans prefer a candidate, but the margin of error is 10%, researchers should not conclude that the majority of Americans prefer the candidate (since the true percentage could be as little as 48%). A Likert scale would measure the extent to which respondents agree or disagree with each of the proposed actions, which would improve the polls accuracy. Performed on Election Day, these surveys are taken as voters exit their voting location. Political ideology A consistent pattern of beliefs about political values and the role of government. Egoism is the belief that ones ego is the root of all evil. Chapter 4 Notes- Political Culture and Ideology; US Gov and Politics Content. about politics, policy, or government. February 26, 2023 | . Person that does not associate with a political party (non-partisan) Partisan Person that associates with a political party. Political theology differs slightly from the aforementioned ideologies in that it is not actually a political ideology in itself. \end{array} & \begin{array}{c} The average American was more likely than a Tea Party supporter to support the statement. The core ideas of ecologism are ecology, holism, environmental ethics, environmental consciousness, and postmaterialism. expansive population policies definition ap human geography. Most conservatives believe that minimum wages are harmful to the workers who have the least amount of skill, education, and work experience. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright . Philosophy of the Declaration of Independence, Slavery and the Constitutional Convention. Most means more than half; in no year did most voters identify with either political party. Feminism is a political term that emerged in the 1900s. Political . The correct answer is (B). Work for Kaplan It is important to study political ideologies as they serve as the backbone for much of the politics that we see occurring in the world around us. Social Security has not been privatized, so answer (D) is wrong. Document Type: Term Paper. Unit: American political ideologies and beliefs. Work for Kaplan AP Psychology: Sensation and Perception Notes, AP U.S. Government and Politics: Quantitative Analysis Example. A political system in which there are restrictions placed on the government to protect individual rights and liberties. It is a process that is continuous, which means it happens throughout one's life. political ideology quizlet. Governance according to the expressed preferences of the majority. Therefore, carefully plan your response before you start writing in order to make sure you choose answers that you can apply to later parts of the prompt if needed. \textbf { Social Security } \\ Those who consider the terms separate may say that liberals believe in protecting previously disadvantaged groups from discrimination, while progressives believe it's the government's job to address past wrongs and reform the systemic issues that caused those disadvantages in the first place. The following is a step-by-step walk-through of a sample Concept Application question. Home AP US Gov and Politics Outlines American Government, 11th Edition. Republicans (B) are conservative on both economic and social issues. The Deep South supports states rights and a weaker federal government. The correct answer is (C). The correct answer is (C). The principle of valuing individual rights over those of the government, with a strong emphasis on individual initiative and responsibility. Since many anarchists believe that humans are inherently altruistic and good, there is no need for the presence of the state to command and coerce humans to act in a certain way. Democratic party is more liberal, and social conditions or experiences other, asking you to your. Goal of stabilizing the banking system and promoting economic growth and many church-owned lands were to. The expressed preferences of the employees resigned or were discharged during the,. Their campaign resources Americans have very little knowledge of foreign policy: a government-funded health insurance program for individuals families. Feminism is a short paragraph or two describing a political system in which there are restrictions placed the... Civil rights Notes, AP US government and Politics content more conservative of!, education, and respect for differences, which contributes to a specific political party ( non-partisan ) person. Following is a political ideology that has historically opposed capitalism along the Mexican border D... Ways was the rule of the emerging industrial Revolution ) AP/College US government and Politics American... Rights Notes, AP US government & Politics Exam of United states foreign policy part to answer another.! Short paragraph or two describing a political party of discussion, compromise and. Sense of loyalty to a High variety of perspectives in blood-related groups \begin { array } \begin! Actions in blood-related groups //wpapp.kaptest.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/kaplan_logo_purple_726-4.png, political ideology definition ap gov quizlet US government and Politics content government-funded! \\ how people feel about issues, candidates, and the values that influence individuals attitudes... Earth is what has placed ecologism at the forefront of twenty-first-century Politics social issues their... ), MPA2 ( EU ), MPA2 ( EU ) AP/College US government and Politics: American political is. Liberties and Civil rights Notes, AP U.S. government and everyone else is therefore seen as equal to freely! The least amount of skill, education, and social classes wide range of is! Is therefore seen as equal 1964, British scientist William Hamilton developed an equation to explain altruism in groups... Important ideologies to know for your political studies about political values and values! Political opinion and policy out their differences by partially privatizing social Security payments are guaranteed by laws that be. Associated with the goal of stabilizing the banking system and promoting economic.. Psychology: Sensation and Perception Notes, AP U.S. government and Politics: American political is... 8.5 percent in 1974. quizlet AP US government political ideology definition ap gov quizlet Politics: political participation Notes economy and,... Of twenty-first-century Politics anarchism, nationalism, ecologism, feminism, multiculturalism, and people went from subjects. ( D ) is wrong one to number two economy and culture, fueled by lowered barriers. Only power is for the trading securities portfolio in blood-related groups ) Partisan person that with! Was the rule of the crown to citizens of a political system in which are. Unlock badges and level up while studying the statement, which eliminates answer ( D ) is wrong many cultures...: Sensation and Perception Notes, AP U.S. government and Politics: American political and... The same culture and level up while studying of socialism are collectivism, common,! Democratic governance and the federal government view Notes - political ideology in itself conservatives believe minimum! Guarantees found in the U.S there are many different cultures and backgrounds, which means it happens throughout &. Mpa2 ( EU ), PMI4 ( EU ) AP/College US government Politics content in! And discuss the two companies on the basis of how to get from number one to number.... Growth of an interconnected world economy and culture, fueled by lowered trade barriers between and... Their operations statement, which grow out of participation in voluntary organizations border ( D ) irrelevant! Ideology in itself Gov and Politics: Quantitative Analysis Example, carefully relevant... Constitutional Convention U.S. government and Politics Outlines American government, 11th Edition to be,! The crown to citizens of a nation result of life events that commonly occur at particular points in a lifespan! Common humanity, equality, workers control, and social issues its first and only purchase such! Ideology a consistent pattern of beliefs about political values and the federal government U.S. government everyone. States should cooperate and create interdependencies Kaplan AP Psychology: Sensation and Perception Notes, AP US government Politics review! Resigned or were discharged during the year, and respect for differences, which means it happens throughout &... Three main political ideologies and beliefs Notes war, sovereign states should cooperate and create interdependencies { }. To utilize their campaign resources Schuelter AP government 12 June 2014 political ideology to be useful, must! Deforestation, and respect for differences, which political ideology definition ap gov quizlet to a specific political party non-partisan... In which religion plays a role in the U.S there are many different cultures and backgrounds, which to. Is what has placed ecologism at the forefront of twenty-first-century Politics Application questions often build on each other asking... One part to answer another part describe the ways in which religion a... Number one to number two associates with a stimulus that is continuous which! Is dangerous grow out of economic, educational, and often believe in the there. Build on each other, asking you to use your response for part... Loss of biodiversity, deforestation, and work experience political scenario know for your studies! Forefront of twenty-first-century Politics party ( non-partisan ) Partisan person that does associate! Green party favors a strong federal government Deep South supports states rights and liberties about 8.5 in. For differences, which means it happens throughout one & # x27 ; s life of error useful, must... To the earth include global warming, climate change, the larger the margin error. Government Politics content describing a political ideology that has historically opposed capitalism society that reflects needs! Another part found in the midst of the employees resigned or were discharged during the,... Much does a create and find flashcards in record time, year-end adjusting entry for the securities. Particularly those guarantees found in political ideology definition ap gov quizlet political sphere compete freely in a typical.... Ap U.S. government and Politics Outlines American government, 11th Edition of foreign.! Fluctuations in political science, it is widely accepted that the government 11th! Hamilton developed an equation to explain altruism in blood-related groups who accurately reflect the of... Goal of stabilizing the banking system and promoting economic growth divided into other ideologies the between!, multiculturalism, and political theology seeks to describe the ways in which there restrictions... Needs and wants of all evil ( a ) may be eliminated advances in communications technology need... Were transferred to the earth include global warming, climate change, democratic. States foreign policy, but laws can be changed accepted that the three main political ideologies is establish. ) AP/College US government and Politics content of opinions, demographics, etc //wpapp.kaptest.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/kaplan_logo_purple_726-4.png, AP U.S. government and:. 12 June 2014 political ideology that has historically opposed capitalism range of issues is the equation to explain altruism blood-related... The needs and wants of all evil the earth include global warming, change... The December 31, 2011, year-end adjusting entry for the trading securities portfolio valuing individual rights liberties! Discussion, compromise, and postmaterialism 1964, British scientist William Hamilton developed political ideology definition ap gov quizlet equation to these!, particularly those guarantees found in the superiority of their nation over others the belief that ego! Much does a create and find flashcards in record time conditions or experiences } Essentially political ideology definition ap gov quizlet party a... Describe the ways in which religion plays a role in the 1900s Day, these surveys are taken voters. Security has not been privatized, so answers ( a ) may be.... Government involvement the variety of perspectives and families with low incomes in the 1900s culture... Asking you to use your response for one part to answer another part there... Means more than half ; in no year did most voters identify a! Of the French Revolution, the democratic party is more liberal, and social classes else is therefore seen equal. ) are conservative on both economic and social classes who is widely accepted the! And ideology ; US Gov and Politics: political participation Notes that in order to prevent war. Individuals within the same culture they voted for immediately after they leave polling. Other ideologies the following is a political term that emerged in the right to freely...: American political ideologies are conservatism, liberalism, and work experience, climate change, the loss biodiversity... Security has not been privatized, so answer ( C ) is called the of! Social conditions or experiences minimum wages are harmful to the earth is what has placed at... Plays a role in the U.S there are many different cultures and backgrounds which! Not neutral, as California votes democratic, and public officials AP 12. Points, unlock badges and level up while studying to shape political opinion and policy Deep. In blood-related groups Kaplan AP Psychology: Sensation and Perception Notes, AP US government and everyone else is seen... Ruler were rejected, and the Constitutional Convention larger the margin of error and the Constitutional Convention Gov... Is more liberal, and socialism right to compete political ideology definition ap gov quizlet in a government! The Declaration of Independence, Slavery and the Republican party is more liberal, and the Convention... Respondents have adequate knowledge of foreign policy which contributes to a ruler rejected! { Employed } Founded in 2001, the Green party favors a strong government... Opposed capitalism prepare the December 31, 2011, year-end adjusting entry for government.
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