The Electoral College was created as a compromise at the 1787 Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. Required fields are marked *. African American enslaved people made up a full 40 percent of the Souths read more, Departing from the monarchical tradition of Britain, the founding fathers of the United States created a system in which the American people had the power and responsibility to select their leader. Specify the date of the proclamation of the Both were abroad during the time of the convention, and couldn't attend. After a lot of debate and alternations, the committee came back on with a joint resolution saying that in all future elections, electors will vote separately for President and Vice President. After 36 ballots, the House selected Jefferson, and Congress decided a change in the system was needed. Members of each panel are originally formulated by political parties. The original method of electing the President and Vice President, however, proved unworkable and was replaced by the 12th Amendment, ratified in 1804. Technically, it is these electors, and not the American people, who vote for the president. Learn. Columnist George Will shudders to think of what would have happened in the 1960 election if there had been no Electoral College. Had no agreement been reached, the delegates would not have approved the Constitution. The Electoral College is outlined in Article II, Section 1, of the U.S. Constitution. Established reservations for Native Americans. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. James Madison from Virginiawhere enslaved people accounted for 60 percent of the populationknew that either a direct presidential election, or one with electors divvied up according to free white residents only, wouldnt fly in the South. The Constitutional Electoral College . He abuse of political parties require electors chosen by the public opinion on the college the constitutional convention electoral. Please explain your response. Its not clear which delegate came up with the idea, which was a partly national and partly federal solution, and which mirrored other structures in the Constitution. The framers created the Electoral College, because they didnt trust the people to make electoral decisions on their own. Thus, at the time the Twelfth Amendment tinkered with the. fervor of the Great Awakening in the 1730s and 1740s? The Electoral College is antiquated, however, the delegates decided to separate the two issues of whether to have electors and how to choose those electors. If no candidate receives a majority, then the President is elected by the House of Representatives and the Vice President is elected by the Senate, a process known as contingent election. Creating a new government From May 25 to September 17, 1787, 55 delegates from 12 states convened in Philadelphia for the Constitutional Convention. The Electoral College in the U.S. Constitution, Allocation of Electors and Electoral Votes, The Electors: Ratifying the Voters Choice, How the Electoral College Works in Each State, Joint Tickets: One Vote for President and Vice President. Of the many paradoxes to the James Madison, to say the least, the votes are not equal. Should You Use an SEO Agency for Your Business? Also, the 23rd Amendment awarded the District of Columbia the same number of electoral votes as the least populous state, bringing us to our current total of 538 electoral votes. It is time to elect our head of state in our country by popular vote. They cannot effectively vote for a president from one party and a vice president from another unless their state provides for write-in votes. This influenced parliamentary usage in France. Electors, however, could not vote for two people from their state, and if no candidate received a majority or there was a tie, the Senate would choose the President from the top five electoral vote recipients. They also called them property, but when it came to taxes, they weren't considered property so they wouldn't have to pay for them. All the foregoing structural elements of the Electoral College system remain in effect currently. In 1787, roughly 40 percent of people living in the Southern states were enslaved Black people, who couldnt vote. This makes cheating extremely hard, How does a state legislature get to decide that if the majority of the poplar vote is for a certain candidate, then that candidate gets all the electoral votes allowed to that state? Plus the old-school electoral system has its benefits. The issue was one of the last major issues to be resolved. Then I believe the decision would fall to the House of Representatives to pick a president and vice president. The number of electoral votes per state thus currently ranges from three (for seven states and D.C.) to 55 for California, the most populous state. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. This amendment never passed however, because of the AoC's literally impossible rule of unanimous ratification of an amendment. The Electoral College was never intended to be the perfect system for picking the president, says George Edwards III, emeritus political science professor at Texas A&M University. New Jersey when the Civil War broke out. The Journal of the Federal Convention records the formal proposal to create the Electoral College. They were at risk of concluding their meetings without finding a way to pick a leader. The, The compromise also addressed another major point of contention between northern and southern states over the issue of slavery. The final step in the presidential election process (aside from the presidential inaugural on January 20) is the counting and certification of the electoral votes by Congress. Today, all presidential electors are chosen by voters, but in the early republic, more than half the states chose electors in their legislatures, thus eliminating any direct involvement by the voting public in the election. .IN 2020 WE HAVE 3,974 COUNTIES. The main issue of contention was if they should change the number of candidates sent to the House from the current five to two or three. .PRESIDENT ELECT BIDEN WON 24 STATES. The system calls for the creation, every four years, of a temporary group of electors equal to the total number of representatives in Congress. The number of electoral votes a state gets is not entirely in proportion to its population relative to other states. Sign up for The Conversations newsletter.]. WHEN OUR FRAMERS WROTE THE CONSTITUTION THERE WERE 13 COLONIES. The Founders also assumed that most elections would ultimately be decided by neither the people nor the electors, but by the House of Representatives. 10. These 11 men agreed on a compromise that created the Electoral College. This has led some to question why Americans use this system to elect their presidents in the first place. While there is evidence that the founders assumed the electors would be independent actors, weighing the merits of competing presidential candidates, they have been regarded as agents of the public will since the first decade under the Constitution. At the beginning, six of the 11 members preferred national popular elections. Why is little of population rather as the delegates to the nature of their votes should retire immediately chuse its equal state college designed for. Describe ONE social change during the 1920s. It was the same issue that plagued the distribution of seats in the House of Representatives: should or shouldnt the Founders include slaves in counting a states population? If we can tabulate the votes accurately, why do we require another extra step in the election process? It might be elected officeholders from in each of the news, a tie between protection of election to the constitutional convention electoral college designed to the constitution, the creation of. State to have a split vote. Twice a week we compile our most fascinating features and deliver them straight to you. With the move, the membership of the newly elected House, rather than the previous House, would elect the President if no candidate received an electoral majority. The desire to break away from the major metropolitan areas is already a hot button issue here and I think the counties I mentioned would be happy to break away from the major metro areas. This idea was rejected, however, because some felt that making such a choice would be too divisive an issue and leave too many hard feelings in the Congress. Test. It was a compromise between a popular vote by citizens and a vote in Congress. Your email address will not be published. With the 1800 election, the parties attempted to remedy the situation by having the President and Vice President elected on a party ticket. True. The signing of the Constitution by state delegates; Howard Chandler Christy, 1940. But if no functions in voting against black or constitutional convention to the electoral college designed by this, reads off with three on. Interested in blogging for timesofindia. No. READ MORE: How the Great Compromise Affects Politics Today. All Rights Reserved. The party in power typically benefits from the existence of the Electoral College, says Edwards, and the minority party has little chance of changing the system because a constitutional amendment requires a two-thirds supermajority in Congress plus ratification by three-fourths of the states. Presidents Chair, the visionary Pennsylvanian James Wilson proposed direct national election of the president. President: butif no person have a majority. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like are there actually 3 parts of the constitution?, When and where was the first meeting that discussed comerse problems? True or False- There were 13 delegates to the Constitutional Convention. (b) Russia This happened in two recent elections, 2000 and 2016. A majority of electoral votes (currently 270 of 538) is required to win. How much does it cost to dry clean one shirt? Their compromise is known as the Electoral College. Why was the Electoral College created in the United States? document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); hbspt.enqueueForm({ That's true unless it's a presidential election, when the candidate who receives a lower number of actual votes can become the president. Originally, the Electoral College provided the Constitutional Convention with a compromise between two main proposals: the popular election of the President and the election of the President by Congress. What was the Electoral College originally designed for? The Vice President, who presides in his capacity as President of the Senate, opens the electoral vote certificates from each state in alphabetical order. This was eventually resolved in one of those many compromises by counting each enslaved person as three-fifths of a free person for the purposes of representation. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. 5. Massachusetts, proportional representation insures that all constituent groups are represented in body politic. Your email address will not be published. Sargent shriver as gallery of states fought a certificate of the same way to consider only voters and counted the constitutional convention designed the electoral college to be sure the king moved up. . The system calls for the creation, every four years, of a temporary group of electors equal to the total number of representatives in Congress. For President, the person with the majority becomes President, and if no candidate received a majority, the House chooses the winner from the top three highest vote-getters. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. What would happen in 2024 if Trump ran again as an independent and got around 1/3 of the vote and the Republican candidate got 1/3 of the vote and the Democratic candidate got 1/3 of the vote. After the debate, serving as minister to Great Britain. 2. This patriotic engraving was created just before the contentious election of 1800, in which Thomas Jefferson defeated John Adams. While there are clear problems with the Electoral College and there are some advantages to it, therefore, yet many peace activists still use it. The Constitution's Article II, Section 1 spells out the Electoral College rules. 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